【作者】 彭敏；

【导师】 郑全新；

【作者基本信息】 湖北大学 ， 宪法学与行政法学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 一般来说,大家比较熟悉私法领域的商事惯例、民事惯例、国际惯例等,但不一定了解行政惯例,因为行政法学研究还未对行政惯例形成应有的重视。对于行政惯例,我国大多数行政法学教材及其他著作要么完全不涉足,要么在讲述行政法的渊源时简单论述,专门的深入研究少之又少,这严重影响了行政惯例的理论发展。笔者认为社会生活的日新月异为理论研究不断注入新的课题,我们必须重视并关注行政惯例。在本文中,笔者对有关行政惯例的现有研究进行了归纳和梳理,以期逐渐揭开行政惯例的“面纱”,进而论述行政惯例对行政法治实践的重要作用。本文分为以下四大部分：第一部分主要对行政惯例进行概述,分别为界定行政惯例的概念、确定行政惯例的法律地位、分析行政惯例的效力、评价行政惯例的功能。第二部分是探究行政惯例的有效形成机制,从理论上分析行政惯例的构成,即构成行政惯例的各个要素；从实践确认阶段,分析行政惯例的确认主体、行政惯例确认的方法、行政惯例的确认程序。第三部分是分析行政惯例的有效适用,建立行政惯例的说理制度,其主要包含两个方面：一是说明适用行政惯例的理由,将本案与行政惯例之间相同的地方进行对比；是说明排除行政惯例的理由,对本案与行政惯例之间不同的地方进行分析。第四部分是研究对行政惯例的有效监督和对行政相对人的有效救济,使之适应新形势下遇见的新问题,更加具有指导意义。此部分笔者重点论述了对于行政惯例的司法监督,指出司法机关对行政惯例的审查,是建立在行政相对人已对具体行政行为提起行政诉讼的基础之上,审查的对象是作为具体行政行为依据的行政惯例是否得到适用,即法院只是在个案中附带性审查。基于此,进一步的保证行政惯例的正当性,客观而公正的评判行政机关和行政相对人各自的责任和权利,正确导引行政惯例对个案的有效裁量,消除违法惯例对个案裁量的负面影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 We are very familiar with commercial conventions, civil practice and international practice in the area of private law, but maybe a lot of people do not quite understand the administrative practice. The administrative practice has not attracted sufficient attention in the study of administrative law, the majority of our administrative law textbooks and other works either had single word, either simple discussed in telling the origin of administrative law, seldom made a thorough research, it affect the health legal development of administration practices. But the author thinks, theory research must adapt to the social reality, solve practical problems, and the changing social life for theoretical research continuously inject new task, the realism and complexity of administrative practice require us to give it more attention. In this paper, the author makes investigation and induction about the current research on administrative practice, in order to gradually solve the "veil" of administrative practice, and point out the important role of the administrative practice for the administrative law.The main body of this thesis consists of four chapters:Chapter one mainly overviews the contents related to administrative practice, respectively defines the concept of administrative practice, determines the legal status of administrative practice, analys the effectiveness of administrative practice, evaluates the function of administrative practice.Chapter two is to explore the effective mechanism of administrative practice, in theory, analy the constitution of administrative practices, that is the elements which constitute the administrative practice; in the practice of initiative phase, analy the confirmation main body of administrative practice, the confirmation method of administrative practice, the confirmation procedure of administrative practices.Chapter three is to analy the effective application of administrative practice, in this paper, reasoning system of the administrative practice mainly includes two aspects:one is the reasoning of the appliction of the practice, mainly contrasts the identity between the case and the practice, is to lay the foundation for the appliction of the practice; two is the reasoning of the escaping of the practice, mainly contrasts the difference between the case and practice.Chapter four is the research on the effective supervision of administrative practice and the effective relief to the administrative relative person, is aim to adapt to the new problems in the new situation, has more guiding significance, particularly emphasize one point, in the supervision, the judicial examination for administrative practice is based on the administrative relative people’s administrative litigation for the specific administrative acts, the object of examination is the application of administrative practices which as the basis of the specific administrative acts, it means that the courts just review incidentally in case. Based on this, go on ensuring the legitimacy of administrative practice, make the administrative relative person to obtain an objective and impartial evaluation, so as to achieve that the administrative practice correctly guides individual measurement, eliminate administrative evil example’s negative effection for individual measurement.更多还原