【作者】 李健；

【导师】 张重雄； 蔡骏；

【作者基本信息】 南京理工大学 ， 电子与通信工程， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 随着人们对环境污染及化石能源枯竭的担忧,太阳能作为可再生清洁能源逐渐被人们所重视。但目前太阳能的光电的转换效率普遍较低。采用跟踪控制技术就可以有效提高太阳能的转换效率,故本文在双轴记忆跟踪控制器方面进行了深入研究,设计了基于四象限定位记忆跟踪系统以提高转换效率。该系统具有跟踪精度高,结构简单,操作方便等特点。根据对太阳跟踪的特点与要求,本文针对太阳能跟踪控制器的电路与程序实现做了深入研究。跟踪部分采用了减速机构以实现较小功率电机驱动跟踪装置,步进电机驱动采用的是SH-203A细分驱动器,有两台步进电机分别实现方位角和高度角的跟踪。在跟踪装置中安装有两个接近开关以便于防止在日常工作时跟踪系统已至极限位置,电机仍在工作导致烧坏电机；另一个在装置复位到位时能向单片机产生中断请求信号,进而让电机停止工作。为降低功耗,采用了以下措施。在跟踪时间段之外关闭单片机A/D转换电源来降低能耗同时将系统设置为空闲状态亦可降低功耗；每次为步进电机一次性送入100个脉冲,这样使得在没有送脉冲时电机相电流将降为工作时的一半。控制方式采用光电跟踪与记忆跟踪相结合的方式,在跟踪时间段内,光电跟踪模式与记忆跟踪模式可以相互切换。这样一来既能保证系统对太阳跟踪的准确性,又可以避免天气的不利影响,同时还可以避免时钟式跟踪所造成的累积误差等缺点。该控制系统系统本身成本较低,可以把其广泛的应用于太阳能光伏发电系统中,具有较好的推广价值和应用前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 With concerns about environmental pollution and depletion of fossil energy, solar energy as a renewable clean energy gradually being valued by the people. However, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar energy is generally low. Tracking control technology can improve the conversion efficiency of solar energy, so the the biaxial memory tracking controller has conducted in-depth research, design based on the four-quadrant position memory tracking system to improve the conversion efficiency. The system has a high tracking accuracy, simple structure, easy to operate.Characteristics and requirements of the solar tracker, solar tracking controller circuit and procedures to achieve in depth research. The tracking part of the reduction gear in order to achieve a small power motor-driven tracking device, stepper motor driver is subdivided drive SH-203A, two stepper motors, respectively, the azimuth and elevation tracking. Tracking device installed two proximity switches in order to prevent in their daily work tracking system to the limit position, the motor is still lead to burn out the motor; another place the device reset, an interrupt request signal to the microcontroller, thereby allowing the stop the motor.To reduce power consumption, using the following measures. Closed track of time outside the single-chip A/D converter power supply to reduce energy consumption system can also reduce power consumption for the idle state; each time the stepper motor into the100pulses at once, so that did not send the pulse motor phase current will be reduced to half of the work.Control of electro-optical tracking and memory to track a combination of optical tracking mode and memory tracking mode can be switched in the tracking period. In this way not only to ensure the accuracy of the sun-tracking, and also avoid the weather adversely affected, but also can avoid the accumulated error caused by the clock tracking and other shortcomings. The system itself is low cost, widely used in solar photovoltaic system, the better to promote the value and application prospect.更多还原