【作者】 李静；

【导师】 刘杰；

【作者基本信息】 东北财经大学 ， 社会学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 慈善是一种有组织的民间群众性互助活动,在我国具有悠久的历史。改革开放以来,中国的慈善事业发展迅速,慈善组织在组织建构及运作,国际间交流合作、社会参与程度都日益增强,在中国的社会发展发面起着举足轻重的作用。但是,发展是一个曲折的历史过程,一项事业的发展必然伴随着一个发现不足、逐步完善的过程,中国的慈善事业也不例外。伴随着中国社会转型和改革的深入,慈善事业的发展也面临着前所未有的挑战,慈善组织发展不成熟、慈善透明度较低、慈善立法尚不完善、公共认知及社会参与程度低。各种负面新闻的不断出现,严重影响了我国慈善组织的公信力。而公信力作为一种重要的社会资本,是慈善组织生存和发展的根本。因此,如何进行理论研究,制定相应的政策和制度以提高我国慈善组织的公信力,已成为亟待解决的问题,而借鉴先进国家的经验便成了一剂良药。美国的慈善事业的发展经历了漫长而曲折的历史,积累了丰富的经验,其慈善组织也具有相对较高的公信力,公众参与程度较高。虽然在中美文化中,慈善观念及其实践存在认知上的差异,但也存在某种共同的特性,因此,全面系统的介绍美国慈善组织的运行机制,借鉴美国的先进经验无疑对当代中国慈善组织的发展具有重要的启迪意义。本文从社会信任的角度出发,将美国的慈善组织从非营利组织中剥离出来,以其运行为研究对象,通过大量的文献阅读和研究,从信任产生和扩展的角度,对美国慈善组织公信力进行直观的研究,系统地梳理了美国慈善组织的构建与运行机制、政府与社会监管机制、自身及其行业自律、慈善立法等相关信息,深入剖析其较高公信力的根源和保持策略。并在对中国慈善组织的现状分析的基础上,与美国慈善组织发展进行对比,探寻中国慈善组织公信力薄弱的原因,借鉴美国的先进经验,提出中国慈善组织在构建过程中应注意的问题和发展方向,提高中国慈善组织的公信力。全文共五章,第一章,绪论,主要介绍本文的研究背景和意义、国内外研究综述以及研究方法即文献研究法；第二章,相关概念的界定和理论基础。相关概念界定包括：非营利组织、慈善、慈善组织、公信力、慈善组织公信力；理论基础主要是社会信任理论；第三章,美国慈善组织公信力概况,通过分析美国慈善组织现状,其公信力较高主要表现在有法可依、严格守法,坚守诚信、公开透明,运行效率高、社会效益大；第四章,美国慈善组织保持较高公信力的原因分析,包括外部原因和内部原因分析,外部原因包括慈善文化、慈善立法两个方面,内部原因包括慈善组织内部治理以及行业互律；第五章,国内慈善组织发展现状及借鉴意义,通过前文的描述分析,得出我国慈善组织缺乏良好的慈善文化、完善的法律制度以及健全的监管机制,缺乏专业型人才和运行的独立性。笔者进一步结合中国的国情,利用社会信任理论,从文化层面、制度层面以及行业层面提出建设性意见以提高中国慈善组织的公信力。首先要培养以平等、互助、博爱为基础的现代公民慈善意识,使公民形成一种自愿承担的责任感。其次要完善慈善组织法律制度,加强法制监管,不仅对相关利益主体进行约束和规范,而且为公民的慈善活动提供有力的法律保障。最后要优化慈善组织的内部治理及加强慈善人才培养,建立行业监督和评估机制,促进慈善组织之间的交流与合作,形成有效的行业互律。力求将公民舆论、法制监管、行业监督三种力量结合在一起对慈善组织运作形成一种制衡力,来有效地提高慈善组织的公信力,促进其健康发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Charity has a long history in China. It is a kind of social rescue work based on social donation and a kind of nongovernmental organized mutual aid activity. Since the reform and opening up, Chinese charity has gained great progress. The social power and public participation are also increasing. Some significant donation projects created a positive and extensive influence in society. However, development is a historical process with turns and twists. Chinese charity development will be no exception. As China’s social transformation and reform deeply, philanthropy’s development is faced with unprecedented challenges, such as the immaturity of charity legislation, low transparency of charity and low level of public participation. The appearance of negative news affected Chinese charity organization’s credibility seriously. As credibility is one of important social capital, it is the essential for the survival and development of charity organization. Therefore, Doing theoretical research and making corresponding policy and system in order to improve Chinese charitable organization’s credibility has become an urgent problem. American philanthropy’s development has experienced a long and tortuous history, accumulating rich experiences. Their charitable organization also has relatively high credibility. Although there is some cognitive differences exited in Sino-us culture, there are also some common characteristics. It is illuminating to borrow the advanced experience for contemporary China.From the perspective of social trust, this paper stripped charitable organization out of non-profit organization, with its operation as the research object. From the trust produce and expand angle, the author did a lot of intuitive research the American charitable organization credibility through a lot of literature reading and study and systematically combed the American charitable organization construction and operation mechanism, government and social supervision mechanism, their self-discipline, charity legislation and other related information. this paper explores the root of its high credibility and maintain strategy. And according to the present situation of Chinese charitable organizations, compared to the development of charity organization in United States, the author explores reasons of weak credibility of Chinese charitable organization, use institutional isomorphism to draw lessons from the advanced experience of the United States, proposes the problems that China’s charitable organization should be paid attention to and the direction of development in the process of building, in order to improve China charitable organization’s credibility.There are five chapters in this paper. Chapter1, introduction, it mainly introduces the research background and significance, the domestic and international research review and research method, literature research. Chapter2, the definition of the related concepts and theoretical basis, the relevant concept definition includes:non-profit organization, charity, charitable organizations, credibility, charitable organization credibility; Theoretical basis is social trust theory. Chapter3, the situation of charitable organization credibility in America, through the analysis of the charitable organization’s present situation, its higher credibility mainly displays in follows:strictly obeying the law. adhere to honesty, high transparence, high efficiency and social benefit. Chapter4, reason analysis of higher credibility of American charitable organization, including the external and internal reason. The external reason includes charitable culture, charity legislation, and the internal reason includes internal governance of charity organization and self-regulation organizations. Chapter5, domestic current situation of the charitable organization development and significance. Through the above analysis, it draws a conclusion that Chinese charitable organization is lack of perfect charitable culture, laws, supervision mechanism, professional talents and independent operation. Combined with Chinese national conditions, the author further uses the social trust theory, puts forward a constructive suggestion from the cultural level, system level and industrial level to improve charitable organization’s credibility in China. We should firstly train the modern civil charity consciousness, secondly to perfect charity organization legal system, strengthening the legal system supervision, thirdly to optimize internal management of the charitable organization, and strengthen the professional training, establish industry supervision and evaluation mechanism, strive to combine public opinion supervision, laws supervision and industrial supervision together to form a kind of balance force for charitable organization operation, in order to improve the credibility of the charity organization effectively and promote their healthy development.更多还原