【作者】 李莹；

【导师】 郑德凤；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁师范大学 ， 自然地理， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 水是人类社会赖以生存和发展不可替代的自然资源，也是社会经济可持续发展的重要保证。作为自然界水循环重要组成部分的地下水更是人类生存不可或缺的资源。近年来随着经济社会的快速发展、人口数量的逐年增长、城市化进程的不断加快、人类对水资源需求量的不断增加，使得人类对地下水的开发进一步加快，随之引发的环境问题日益严重。地下水海水入侵问题已成为目前滨海地区面临的主要环境问题之一，受到的各国的普遍关注。海水入侵属于潜在性强、危害性高、短期内难以消除的地质灾害，严重威胁了人类社会的生存与发展。大连沿海地区地下水受海水入侵影响较为严重，同时由于海上油田泄露等问题使海洋水体受到污染，海水入侵使淡水咸化的同时，也会把海洋污染水体扩散到地下淡水中，使地下水水质变差，危害经济社会发展和人类健康。及时分析海水入侵区地下水水质状况并针对水质指标超标情况提出相应解决对策，对合理开发利用地下水资源保护地下水环境具有重要的理论意义和实际价值。本文以大连市海水入侵区为研究区域，采集地下水样，利用水化学分析方法对其常规离子成分进行分析，获取地下水水质各项指标。在对研究区的自然地理概况和水文地质特征进行研究的基础上，对大连市海水入侵区地下水水质进行评价。首先采用单因子分析法对地下水中的氯离子进行初步评价，分析大连市受海水入侵的地下水情况。再用加附注评分法对大连市2008年枯水期和丰水期水质进行评价，选取溶解性总固体、总硬度、氯化物、硫酸盐、硝酸盐、氟化物、氨氮共7项超标较严重的指标作为评价指标，用基于熵权的模糊集对分析评价法(FSPAAM)对大连市地下水水质进行综合评价与分析。主要研究成果如下：(1)利用单因子（氯离子）评价法对大连市内四区2005到2008年地下水水质状况进行评价，评价结果可显示氯离子影响的水质等级和海水入侵情况。总体上，每年的地下水水质评价结果中属于II类水质的样本数最多，属于IV类和V类水质的水样数相对较少。大连市2005~2008年氯离子浓度大于250mg/L的范围具有年际波动性，总体上有所减少，部分阶段有所增加。(2)加附注评分法的评价过程可以显示大连市内四区地下水的主要超标指标包括氨氮、氯化物、硝酸盐氮、总硬度、溶解性总固体等，其中枯水期超标最严重的为氨氮和氯化物，其次是溶解性总固体和硝酸盐氮；丰水期污染严重超标的指标为总硬度和氨氮。(3)基于熵权的模糊集对分析评价模型综合考虑了评价指标的权重和地下水评价标准边界值的不确定性，评价结果比较合理；采用置信度法则进行判断，比用最大值法判断结果更为准确。将各个水井的水质评价结果按水质等级依次排序，并给出2008年大连市各区枯水期和丰水期地下水水质等级的百分比。评价结果表明中山区地下水相对来说为最优水质，甘井子区的地下水为最劣水质，西岗区和沙河口区在两者之间。最后，针对大连市海水入侵区地下水水质状况提出一系列防治对策。更多还原

【Abstract】 Water is an essential natural resource of the survival and development of human society,and is also an important guarantee for social economic sustainable development. As animportant part of the natural water cycle, groundwater resources are the indispensableresources for human survival. In recent years, with the rapid development of the economicand social and the accelerating process of urbanization and increasing population, waterdemand are increasing year by year. With the accelerating of groundwater development, aserial of serious environmental problem are caused. Seawater invasion that is a geologicaldisaster with powerful potential, high harmfulness, and eliminated difficultly, threatenseriously the survival and development of human society.Coastal areas of Dalian are seriously affected by seawater intrusion. Recently, sea wateris polluted by offshore oil field leak cause. While fresh water stalinization by seawaterintrusion, it also carry the polluted seawater into groundwater, cause groundwater qualitydeterioration, and endanger the economic and social development and human health. It hastheoretical and practical value that we should immediately analyze the water quality of theseawater intrusion areas and propose the solutions.This study takes the regions of seawater intrusion of Dalian as the research field, allgroundwater sample are collected and the conventional ion composition are analysized byusing Hydrochemistry components analysis method, and groundwater quality indexes areobtained. Firstly, the physiographic and hydrological condition and groundwater qualityevaluation method are introduced. Then Single-factor analysis has been used to preliminarilyevaluate the chloride ion in the groundwater and analysis the seawater intrusion of Dalian.Furthermore, the grading method has been used to analysis the groundwater quality in droughtperiod and rain period of Dalian in2008. The seven excessive elements of total dissolvedsolid, total hardness, chloride, sulfate, nitrate, fluoride, ammonia are choosed, and fuzzy setpair analysis model based on entropy coefficient assessment of water quality is used toanalysis the seawater intrusion of Dalian. The main results are as follows:(1) Goundwater quality of four areas in Dalian from2005to2008are evaluated by asingle factor (chloride) evaluation method. And the results show the water quality levelinfluenced by chloride ion and the status of seawater intrusion. On the whole, the numbers ofgroundwater samples belonging to the grade of II was the most, and the grade of IV and Vwas few. The range of chlorine ion concentrations more than250mg/L from2005to2008has annual volatility, most has decreased, part of the stage has increased in Dalian. (2) The evaluation process of comprehensive evaluation method can show groundwatermain indexes of the four areas in Dalian including ammonia nitrogen, chloride, nitratenitrogen, total hardness, total dissolved solid. During dry period the worst indexes areammoniea nitrogen and chloride, the worse are total dissolved solid and nitrate nitrogen.During rain period the severe pollution indexes are total hardness and ammonia nitrogen.(3) Fuzzy set pair analysis evaluation model based on entropy considers the evaluationindex weights and the uncertainty of the boundary values about groundwater evaluationstandards, so the result is more reasonable. The results of confidence judgment is moreaccurate than that of the maximum value criterion. Evaluation results indicated that thegroundwater quality of Zhongshan district was the best, Ganjingzi district was the worst, andShahekou district, Xigang district were in the middle.Lastly, some countermeasures for seawater intrusion are put forware.更多还原