【作者】 张宁；

【导师】 李成；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁师范大学 ， 中国古代文学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 杂剧是中华传统文化中一朵绚丽的奇葩，经过岁月的沉淀、点染到元代蔚为大观。元杂剧以其古典雅致的曲辞和平实易懂的宾白的完美结合，以舞台演唱、动作等表演展示出其蕴含的人文精神内涵与综合性的艺术特点，以及具有民族性的悲喜交融的审美特征而得到了人们的喜爱。元杂剧悲喜交融的审美特征的形成具有多方面因素。首先，在儒家“中庸”思想的影响下，中国的古代文学作品中都传承了《诗经》“乐而不淫，哀而不伤”中和之美的美学特点，元杂剧也不例外，其“大团圆结局”便应运而生了。元杂剧的悲剧中有很多喜剧因素，喜剧中又蕴含了诸多悲剧因素，悲喜剧中更是两种因素相互融合，这就形成了元杂剧悲喜交融的审美特征。其次，这一特征的产生还与元代的时代——政治和社会有一定的关系。元代是蒙元统治的特殊历史朝代，尤其是政治上的不平等“四等人制度”，对传统文化的冲击，建国后科举制度的基本废除使大多数汉族文人们报国无门，他们的文学、政治等才华无法用以治国，他们只能在杂剧创作中表达美好的愿景，有的作家甚至不惜自欺欺人、自我安慰的抬高自己在他人心目中的地位，如元杂剧作品中无论是大家闺秀还是娼妓，在择偶时都选择饱读诗书的才子而非权豪势要的粗鲁之人。因为大多数百姓都处于民族压迫的水深火热之中，所以元杂剧作家在悲剧中安排了许多富有现实性和时代意义的反抗性人物，在喜剧中塑造了许多聪明机智的正面人物和愚钝无比的反面人物，戏曲作家让观众感觉到释放的快感。另外，杂剧作家为了满足观众“善有善报恶有恶报”的审美心理需求，在创作和演出时考虑到观众的观赏情绪，因此无论是悲剧、喜剧还是悲喜剧中都大量的安插了科诨艺术和特殊的句式等艺术形式，使得元杂剧的情节更富于变化，更具观赏性，更具艺术感染力。同时从文本角度出发，悲剧喜感和喜剧悲感在推动情节发展、塑造人物形象等方面也具有重要的作用。本文结合中华民族传统的文化特点和元代特殊的历史环境，以臧懋循《元曲选》为研究对象，从文学角度出发，结合文艺学、美学、心理学等多学科综合研究元杂剧悲喜交融的审美特征。文中主要包括元杂剧悲剧喜感的产生原因、表现形式、艺术功能，喜剧悲感的产生原因、表现形式、艺术功能。力图在前人研究的基础上，较为全面、具体的剖析元杂剧悲喜交融的审美特征，使人们能够对元杂剧有更深更全面的认识。更多还原

【Abstract】 Drama is a gorgeous crowd in the Chinese traditional culture. It presents a splendid sightby years of sedimentation. The Yuan-dynasty zaju plays are combined of classic refinedpoems and straightaway spoken parts. Its spirit connotation can be shown by Stageperformances. So Most of people are fond of it.Blend of the aesthetic characteristics of the Yuan-dynasty zaju plays sorrows and joys,theformation of various factors. The literature of China is try to keep the “Joy and sadness isnormal”characteristic of Songs So there also exists a happy ending in Yuan-dynasty zajuplays because of the same characteristic.The yuan dynasty is the special dynasty history inthe Mongolian yuan rule. The Political is inequality, especially the cruel four grades people inthe system. Most of the han nationality scholar don’t have a way to serve their country. TheirPolitical and literary talent can’t to be used because of the backward culture and the end ofimperial examination system. So they express their beautiful vision in drama. They evendrive up their status in the others mind. Whether girls from respectable families or prostitutewill be married to well-read wit and not an rich illiterate person.There are a lot ofrevolutionaries, because of most people are ethnic oppressed. There are a lot of witty positivefigures in comedy and dull extremely villain. So the audience feel release of pleasantsensation.The author use travesty technique and special sentence considering the audience’sornamental mood. The Yuan-dynasty zaju plays has Higher appreciation because of travestytechnique and special sentence. The happy feeling from tragedy and sadness feeling ofcomedy are important in promoting plot to development and creating characters.This is based on the Chinese traditional culture and special historical of yuan. The TheSelection of Yuanqu is the studying object. It is from the Angle of the literature, combiningliterature and art, aesthetic, psychological science on comprehensive study of blending yuanzaju feeling aesthetic characteristics.The article study the tragicomic aesthetic feature by theangle of literature combinig literature and art, aesthetic, psychological science.The maincarticleontent of this article includes the causes of happy feeling from tragedy, manifestation,the artistic function, the causes of Comedy of theirsadness feeling of comedy, manifestation,the artistic function in the Yuan-dynasty zaju plays tragedy. It is trying to have a deeperanalysing than the former research. So the people will have a deeper understanding to yuandynasty.更多还原