【作者】 刘磊；

【导师】 任万军；

【作者基本信息】 四川农业大学 ， 作物栽培与耕作学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验于2011年以四川省大面积推广的冈优725水稻品种为试验材料,采用裂裂区试验设计,设置2个栽插方式：A1(机插)、A2(手插)、2个秧龄：B1(30天)、B2(40天)和3个穴苗数：C1(1苗)、C2(3苗)、C3(5苗)3个因素,研究不同秧龄和穴苗数对机插稻各节位分蘖发生、成穗、以及相关生理指标和最终产量的影响。结果如下：1机插稻分蘖期功能叶的SPAD值、谷氨酰胺合成酶活性和含氮率均为每穴1苗>每穴3苗>每穴5苗。移栽后28d,谷氨酰胺合成酶活性与含氮率呈显著正相关,移栽后28天、35天和42天功能叶谷氨酰胺合成酶活性与该时期分蘖日增长数、单株成穗数和成穗率均表现显著相关,谷氨酰胺合成酶活性高,该时期单蘖日增长数、单株成穗数和最终成穗率均增加。2机插稻各处理在抽穗、成熟期均以每穴栽插1苗单茎鞘重最大,栽插3苗次之。40天秧龄在抽穗单位面积茎鞘重均小于30天秧龄。随穴苗数增加,抽穗期叶面积、顶3叶叶面积上升。高效叶面积率表现为每穴3>每穴5苗>每穴1苗。秧龄从30天延长至40天,花后干物质积累量和占总积累量的比例下降。3机插稻的分蘖主要发生在3/0、4/0、5/0、6/0节位,其中4/0、5/0、6/0节位分蘖发生率达100%。随穴苗数增加,发生分蘖的节位减少且各节位分蘖发生率均有下降。秧龄从30天延长到40天,机插稻2/0、3/0、7/0节位的分蘖发生数量减少,4/0、5/0、6/0节位变化不大。440天秧龄移栽的机插稻,每穴栽插1、5苗时,随节位升高成穗率下降,每穴栽插3苗时先下降后上升,在2/0、3/0节位低于栽插1、5苗,在5/0、6/0、7/0则低于每穴1苗高于每穴5苗。30天秧龄,每穴栽插1、3苗时节位成穗率随节位升高而下降,每穴栽插5苗在4/0有最大值且大于每穴栽插1、3苗,其他节位则较低。秧龄从30天延长到40天,4/0、5/0节位成穗率降低,每穴栽插1、3苗2/0、3/0节位成穗率增加,每穴栽插5苗时,则总体降低。52/0-4/0分蘖节位的生产力贡献随穴苗数增加而上升,每穴栽插3、5苗时该节位生产力贡献超过40%,是生产力主要贡献节位。每穴栽插1苗时高于4/0节位总的生产力贡献则超过40%,是生产力主要贡献节位。30天秧龄主茎和2/0-4/0节位生产力贡献均大于40天秧龄。6不同栽插穴苗数机插稻的穗粒数随着分蘖节位的升高先上升后下降,在4/0、3/0节位有最大值,最高节位穗粒数最小。穴苗数增加,理论单株穗重减小。40天秧龄时,理论单位面积穗重随穴苗数增加而上升,每穴栽插5苗最大为1.36kg/m2；30天秧龄时以每穴栽插3苗时理论单位面积穗重最高达1.38kg/m2。7群体成穗率以每穴栽插3苗时最高,不同处理间达极显著水平。30天秧龄各穴苗数成穗率均高出40天秧龄3%以上。每穴栽插5苗时的产量最高,30天秧龄的产量在各穴苗数时均小于40天秧龄产量。与机插方式相比,手插方式在各处理产量均较高,每穴栽插5苗时有最高产量。综上所述,与每穴栽插3苗相比,每穴栽插1苗的机插稻,群体成穗率、分蘖发生率和成穗率高,但抽穗期冠层下部透光率大,LAI小,高效叶面积率低,不利于灌浆期的干物质积累。虽然穗粒数、穗重较高,但成熟期干物质积累过少,成穗数少导致其产量较低。每穴栽插5苗在各时期分蘖数均高于每穴栽插1、3苗,抽穗期干物质积累量和成熟期干物重积累较高,但各节位分蘖发生率和成穗率、群体成穗率均较低,抽穗期单茎重、抽穗至成熟期干物质积累少,不利于产量的进一步提高。每穴3苗时,与40天秧龄相比,30天秧龄各节位分蘖发生和成穗率均有一定提高,抽穗期和成熟期干物质积累量多,花后干物质积累量多且占总积累量的比例大,有更高的高效叶面积率,最终理论产量较高。因此,机插稻30天秧龄移栽,每穴栽插3苗时通过合理的肥料运筹具有形成更高产量的潜力。更多还原

【Abstract】 The field experiment with split plot design was carried out in2011with indica hybrid rice Gangyou725as the material, which was applied in large area in Sichuan Province.The experiment included two transplanting patterns(mechanical transplanting and hand transplanting),two rice seedling ages(30days and40days after sowing). and three basic seedling density(l,3and5seedlings per hill).The tiller emerging rate,earbearing rate on each position of main stem and yield of mechincal transplanting rice were investigated.Rescults showed as following:1The SPAD value, activity of GS and nitrogen content in function leaf performed as1seedling>3seedlings>5seedlings.The activity of GS was significantly and positively correlated with nitrogen content in28days after transplanting by machine.The activity of GS was significantly and positively correlated with the tiller increasing number,the ear number per plant and the earbearing tiller percentage in28,35,42days after transplanting.With the activity of GS improving, the tiller increasing number,the ear number per plant and the earbearing tiller percentage increased in the same stage.2In heading and maturity stage,the single stem weight was heaviest as1seedling,which took the second place as3seedlings.The stem weight per unit area was heavier in30seedling days than in40seedling days in heading stage.The total leaf area and the top-three leaves area increased with the number per hill increasing. The efficient leaf area rate performed as3seedlings>5seedlings>1seedling. When seedling age prolonged from30to40days,the amount and the percentage of dry matter accumulation after silking decreased.3The position3/0,4/0,5/0and6/0had higher tiller emerging rate of mechanical transplanting rice,and4/0,5/0,6/0reached a hundred percent.With the number per hill increasing,the number of the position and the tiller emerging rate reduced.When seedling age prolonged from30to40days,the tiller number of2/0,3/0,7/0decreased.But the tiller number of4/0,5/0,6/0changed little.4In the stage of40days after sowing,the tiller arbearing rate reduced with tiller position raise,when the rice transplanted by machine as1,5seedlings per hill.The tiller arbearing rate increased then decreased as3seedlings per hill.The tiller number of2/0,3/0as3seedlings lower than as1,5seedlings,and higher than5seedlings but lower than1seedling of5/0,6/0.In the stage of30days after sowing,the tiller arbearing rate reduced with tiller position raise,4/0was highest as5seedlings and higher than as1,3seedling.When the seedling age prolonged from30to40days, The tiller arbearing rate of4/0,5/0reduced,but increased of2/0,3/0as1,3seedlings. The tiller arbearing rate of all position reduced as5seedlings.5The roductivity contribution of2/0to4/0increased with the number per hill increasing, as the main contribution position reached to the percentage40%as3,5seedlings.The percentage of roductivity contribution higher than4/0reached40%,as the main contribution position as1seedling. The roductivity contribution of2/0to4/0and main stem in30seedling age was higher than in40seedling days.6The number of grain per panicle increased then decreased with the tiller position higher.4/0,3/0The maximum appeard at4/0,3/0and the minimum at highest position.The theoretical ear weight per plant decreased with the number per hill increasing.In the stage of40days after sowing,the theoretical ear weight per unit area increased with the number per hill increasing,and the highest weight was1.36kg/m2as5seedlings per hill.The highest weight was1.38kg/m2as3seedlings per hill in the stage of30days.7The tiller arbearing rate of crop colony was highest as3seedling per hill,and had significant level between the different treatment. The tiller arbearing rate of crop colony in30seedling age was3%higher than in40days seedling age. The grain yield was highest as5seedling,and the grain yield was higher in40seedling age than in30days seedling age.Compared with transplanting by machine,the grain yield was higher transplanting by hand.The grain yield was highest on the treatment of5seedlings per hill.In conclusion,compared with the treatment of3seedlings per hill transplanting by machine,the tiller arbearing rate of crop colony,tiller emergency rate and tiller arbearing rate of each position was higher,but transmission rate,LAI and efficient leaf area rate was lower in heading stage. Which was not positive to dry matter accumulation in filling satge.Though grain number per spike and the single panicle weight was higher,the dry matter accumulation and the ear number was lower.The grain yield was low.The tiller number was most in each stage as5seedlings per hill,and the dry matter accumulation was heavier in heading and mature stage.But tiller emergency rate and tiller arbearing rate of each position and the tiller arbearing rate of crop colony,the single stem weight in heading stage and dry matter accumulation in filling satge were lower, which was not conducive to further improve the yield.As3seedlings per hill,compared with the treatment of40days seedling age transplanting by machine,tiller emergency rate and tiller arbearing rate of each position was higher, the dry matter accumulation in heading,mature and filling satge was heavier in40days seedling age,also higher efficient leaf area rate and theoretical yield.So,the treatment of30days seedling age and3seedlings per hill could develop greater potential to improve yield.by suitable fertilizer operation for mechanical transplanting rice.更多还原