【作者】 刘强；

【导师】 刘忠松；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 湘西具有多年的烤烟种植历史,是我国的优质烟叶生产区之一,但长期以来却忽视了有机肥的施用和合理轮作,烟田土壤肥力逐年下降,上壤养分供应失衡,从而造成烟叶品质下降,表现在化学成分失衡,严重阻碍了烟叶产量质量和生产效益的提高。针对以上问题,结合本地气候和生产实际,进行了绿肥品种筛选及其不同播种期、不同播种量、不同压青量配套技术研究,取得了良好的试验结果。主要研究结果如下：1.通过试验研究,在光叶紫花苕、黑麦冬牧70、满园花、箭舌豌豆、紫云英五个绿肥品种中筛选出满园花为最适宜本地进行种植还田的绿肥品种。在相同的种植管理条件下,满园花抗冻、抗干旱能力较强,产量较高,可以最大限度实现养分还田,增加有机质量,可以有效地起到烟田轮作调茬的作用；同时,满园花在翻压还田后,促进烟叶生长,使烟叶的植物学性状、抗病性、经济性状和内在化学成分都得到提高,较其它绿肥品种要好。2.通过对满园花在10月5日、10月15日、10月25日三个播种期的研究发现,满园花在本地的最佳播种期为10月5日。10月5日播种满园花种子出芽均匀,冬前植株大小适宜,抗冻、抗寒能力强,能够最大限度地保证还田绿肥的数量。同时,10月5日播种的满园花在次年4月20日翻压,植株正处于盛花期,满园花植株营养物质最协调,是最佳翻压期。3.通过对满园花在1000kg/亩、1500kg/亩、2000kg/亩三个压青量处理的研究,结果表明1500kg/亩是满园花的最佳压青量。翻压满园花在一定程度上能够改善土壤的物理性状,随着压青量的增加,土壤容重呈明显降低趋势。绿肥翻压量多,能显著增加土壤的有机质含量；翻压处理的全氮、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量均高于对照；翻压绿肥的所有处理烟株打顶后大田农艺性状均好于对照,提高了产量、产值、均价、上等烟比例、中上等烟比例,其中以1500kg/亩翻压量的产值效益最好。4.通过对三个不同播种量处理的生物产量测定,结合最佳压青量试验的结果,认为1.5kg/亩是满园花最佳播种量。在正常的水肥管理条件下,1.5kg/亩播种量完全可以满足改善植烟土壤的要求,同时又可以使植烟的经济效益达到最佳。更多还原

【Abstract】 Xiangxi area has many years of flue-cured tobacco planting history, is one of China’s high-quality tobacco production area. But for a long time, but ignored the organic fertilizer and crop rotation, soil fertility drops year by year, soil nutrient supply imbalance, fertilizer utilization rate is low, resulting in the chemical composition of tobacco leaf quality imbalance, drop, seriously hindered the tobacco yield and quality improvement.In view of the above problems, combined with the local climate and the actual production, a green manure variety selection and sowing time, sowing rate, different dressing quantity matching technology research, has achieved good results.The main results are as follows:1.Through the experimental research, in Vicia villosa, wheat and winter herd70, Manyuanhua, vetch, Chinese milk vetch five green manure were selected as the most suitable for the local Manyuanhua planting green manure varieties in field. In the same planting management conditions, Manyuanhua frost, drought resistant ability, high yield, can realize the maximum nutrient incorporation, increase organic quality, can play an effective role in tobacco field rotation rotation of crops; at the same time, Manyuanhua in pressure field, stimulative tobacco leaf growth, leaf botanical characters, disease resistance, economic trait and intrinsic chemical composition are improved, compared with other species.2.Based on the Manyuanhua in October5th, October15th, October25th three sowing period of study found, Manyuanhua in local optimum sowing time for the October5th. In October5th Manyuanhua sowing seed germination uniformity, in the winter before the proper size, frost resistance, cold-resistant capability is strong, can guarantee the maximum number of returning the green manure. At the same time, the Manyuanhua sow in October5th in April20th the following year up pressure, the plant is at flowering stage, the Manyuanhua plant nutrients in the coordination, is the best pressure period.S.Through the3Manyuanhua in1000kg/,1500kg/,2000kg/Mu Mu Mu three dressing quantity processing research, the results showed that1500kg/Mu is Manyuanhua best dressing quantity. Pressure Manyuanhua in the certain degree can improve soil pHysical properties, along with the dressing quantity increase, soil bulk density was significantly decreased. Green manure quantity are more, more can significantly increase the organic matter content of soil; pressure processing of total nitrogen, available pHospHorus. available potassium content was higher than CK; green manure application on all tobacco leaves after topping the field agronomic traits were better than the control, the processing of green manure application increased the yield of, production value, average price, classy smoke scale, classy smoke scale, to turning over the amount of1500kg/mu production value benefit best.4Through three different seeding quantity processing biomass yield determination, combined with the best dressing quantity test results, that1.5kg/Mu is Manyuanhua optimum seeding rate. In the normal management of water and fertilizer conditions,1.5kg/acres of seed quantity can completely meet the requirements of improving tobacco soil requirements, but also can make the economic benefits to achieve the best tobacco.更多还原