【作者】 王文博；

【导师】 杨国生；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 化学工程（专业学位）， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 随着国民生活水平的逐渐提高,人们对农副产品的质量安全问题越来越关注,其中果蔬的农药残留问题已经成为社会大众所关注的焦点。每年由于蔬果中农药残量过高而造成急性中毒的事件屡见报端,严重影响了广大消费者的日常生活。目前,对于农副产品中农药残留的定性定量技术已取得很大进步,主要的检测方法有色谱法、色质联用法、免疫分析法、生物传感法和速测法等等。本论文从实际情况出发,利用气相色谱仪器及气相色谱分析技术提供的有用信息,建立几种农产品中农药残留的定性定量分析方法。论文第一章为绪论,主要阐述了农药残留的定义与危害,介绍了五种农药残留分析的前处理方法,如：液液萃取、固相萃取、超临界流体萃取、分子印迹技术等常见分析方法。同时,对近些年来常使用的农药检测分析方法进行了总结。论文第二、三章的主要工作是采用气相色谱法测定玉米中乙草胺、莠去津、2,4-滴丁酯残留,并研究61%乙·莠·滴丁酯在玉米植株和土壤中的降解规律。研究结果表明,在一定浓度范围内乙草胺、莠去津和2,4-滴丁酯的标准曲线线性良好,分别是r=0.999、r=0.992、r=0.998,在土壤中的LOQ分别为5μg/kg、10μg/kg、2μg/kg,在玉米中的LOQ分别为5μg/kg、10μg/kg、2μg/kg。同时,根据消解动态试验结果,乙草胺在哈尔滨点玉米植株和土壤中降解半衰期分别为5.70d和15.30d,在济南点玉米植株中未检测出残留；莠去津在哈尔滨点玉米植株和土壤中降解半衰期为5.98d和15.68d,在济南点玉米植株中未检测出残留；2,4-滴丁酯在哈尔滨点土壤中降解半衰期为29.0d。论文第四章的主要工作是采用气相色谱法测定小麦中的丙草胺残留,并研究60%丙草·异丙可湿性粉剂在土壤和小麦植株中的降解规律。研究结果表明,在一定浓度范围内丙草胺的标准曲线线性良好,r=0.9998,在土壤、小麦、植株中的LOQ分别为：土壤5μg/kg,小麦5μg/kg,植株10μg/kg。同时,根据消解动态试验结果,丙草胺在土壤和小麦植株中消解半衰期分别为8.3～14d和1.5～3.1d。论文第五章的主要工作是采用气相色谱法测定葡萄中的克菌丹残留,并研究美派安50%可湿性粉剂在土壤和葡萄中的降解规律。研究结果表明,在一定浓度范围内克菌丹的标准曲线线性良好,r=0.9998,在土壤、葡萄中的LOQ分别为：土壤10μg/kg,葡萄10μg/kg。同时,根据消解动态试验结果,克菌丹在土壤和葡萄中消解半衰期分别为3.0-6.3d和2.7～5.8d。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the improvement of living conditions, people begin to focus on the quality of the agricultural products especially the problems of pesticide residues have become a hot issue which has attracted great concern of the society. Every year the poisoning incidences caused by pesticide pollution occurred frequently, millions of people’s daily life is influenced by such problems. At present, the qualitative and quantitative analysis technology of pesticide remnants in agricultural products has made great progresses; the methods used to determine pesticide include gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with various detections, GS-MS analysis, immunoassay, biosensors, and portable pesticide detection kit and so on. The thesis starts from the real situation. To utilize the useful messages provided by chromatograph, the thesis establishes the qualitative and quantitative analysis methods for deterring pesticide remnants in plants.In chapter two and three of this paper, GC analytical method was presented to detect the residues of herbicide acetochlor, atrazine and2,4-d butyl ester in corn, and the degradation law of the three kinds of herbicides in maize plants and soil was also studied. The results showed that within the fixed concentration, the standard curves of acetochlor, atrazine and2,4-d butyl ester were good and related coefficients were r=0.999, r=0.992, r=0.998respectively. The LOQs were5μg/kg,10μg/kg and2μg/kg.In addition, the degradation dynamic test results showed that the degradations of acetochlor in the maize plants and the soil in Harbin were in accordance with the first order dynamic equation and the average half-times were5.70days and15.30days respectively. The residue of acetorchlor in the maize plants in Jinan was too low to count half-life. And the average half-times of atrazine in the maize plants and the soil in Harbin were5.98days and15.68days respectively. The residue of acetorchlor in the maize plants in Jinan was also too low to count half-life. While the average half-life of2,4-d butyl ester in the soil in Harbin was29.0days.In chapter four of this paper, GC analytical method was presented to detect the residues of pretilachlor in wheat, and the degradation law of this kind of herbicides in soil and wheat plants was also studied. The results showed that within the fixed concentration, the standard curves of pretilachlor was good and related coefficients was r=0.9998. The LOQ were5μ.g/kg in soil, and5μ.g/kg in wheat, and10μg/kg in wheat plants. The results showed that the degradations of pretilachlor in soil and wheat plants were in accordance with the first order dynamic equation and the average half-times were8.3～14days and1.5～3.1days respectively.In chapter five of this paper, GC analytical method was presented to detect the residues of captan in grapes, and the degradation law of this kind of herbicides in soil and grapes was also studied. The results showed that within the fixed concentration, the standard curves of captan was good and related coefficients was r=0.9998. The LOQ were10μ.g/kg in soil and10μ.g/kg in grapes. The results showed that the degradations of captan in soil and grapes were in accordance with the first order dynamic equation and the average half-times were3.0～6.3days and2.7～5.8days respectively.更多还原