【作者】 李妍；

【导师】 刘冰冰；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 汉语国际教育（专业学位）， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 自然话语中有70%是靠“语言板块结构”实现的。这种板块结构兼具词汇和语法的特征,正如Lewis所说：“语言是由语法化的词汇组成,而不是由词汇化的语法组成”。语言交际更多地是使用大量储存在记忆系统里的语块,大多数交际所涉及的都是可预见的平常事。人们所使用的语言,尤其是那些固定表达的语言片段,大多是在重复别人或是自己曾使用过的,并非特别具有创造性。本族语者在自然语言中对语块的大量使用,正是交际时能够不假思索,十分流利且措辞准确的原因。从这里我们可以发现语言表达的关键在于语块的流利使用。陆俭明先生说过：“对外汉语教学总的指导思想是,怎样让一个从未学过汉语的留学生在最短的时间内能最好地学习掌握好汉语。”近几年对外汉语教学事业蓬勃发展,来中国学习汉语的外国人越来越多,但是我们经常可以看到,学习了很多年汉语的留学生掌握了大量的词汇和语法,却不能恰当地使用,不能够正确的搭配和连贯的表述。事实上,每种语言中都有基本的词汇,并且存在大量的同义词和近义词,大量的约定俗成的搭配,汉语更是如此。这使留学生在使用汉语表述时往往面临无数的选择。因此,对汉语中的语块进行研究,在对外汉语教学中是十分必要的。在对外汉语教学的过程中,如何让学生生成准确地道的语言,一直是值得探讨的问题。对外汉语学习者根据语法和词汇创造出来的语句虽然合理,但却不符合汉语的语感,并不是我们日常所使用的句子。语块理论的引入能够很好地帮我们解决这个问题,能够帮助学习者更流利,更地道,更得体的表达汉语意思。初级汉语综合课,作为一门主干课程,要求学生能够全面掌握听说读写各种单项技能,尤其要注意结构、语义、语用和文化的有机结合,这就要求老师不断探索更全面的教学方法,不能仅仅是简单地灌输和填鸭式教学。本文在研究国内外语块理论的基础上,发现在教学过程中,强化语块意识,能够帮助学生更地道更得体更流利地进行表达；通过对汉语综合课教学状况的研究,发现语块是一种将词汇和语法教学有机结合的很好的一个载体,在初级阶段尤其如此。在此基础之上,本文以语块理论为基础对初级汉语综合课进行教学设计,在教学实践中将汉语语块大致分为固定语语块,框架语块和搭配语块,将《汉语教程》第三册(上)中出现的各类语块进行汇总,并且探讨了语块教学的具体方法,最后以第六课《吃葡萄》为案例,在具体的教学过程中体现语块教学的具体方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 70%of the natural words are realized through chunk structure of the language. This chunk structure possesses the characteristics of lexicon and grammar. According to Lewis," Language consists of grammaticalized lexicon, rather than lexicalized grammar." Language communication uses more chunks which are largely stored in the memory system and most communication refers to foreseeable commonplace. The language people used, especially the language fragment of fixed expressions, is mostly repeated, not original. Native speakers’widely using of chunks in natural words leads to immediate, fluent and exact communication. From here, we can find the key to language expression is fluent use of chunks.Just as Lu Jianming said,"The objective of teaching of Chinese as a foreign language is how an overseas student who never learned Chinese could grasp it best in the shortest time." Recently teaching of Chinese as a foreign language developed greatly and more and more foreigners came to China to study Chinese. However it is very common to see that foreign students who studied Chinese many years and learned lots of vocabulary and grammar can not use the language properly, fluently and exactly. In fact, each language has plenty of basic vocabulary, synonyms and collocations and so does Chinese. Therefore, the study on Chinese chunks is indispensable in the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language.During the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language, there exists a question worthy of discussion about how to produce the accurate and native sentences. The sentences and phrases that Chinese language learners produced according to grammar and vocabulary are reasonable but not native, not what we used in daily life for they do not conform to the sense of Chinese language. The introduction of Chinese chunk helps to deal with this problem, and leads the learners to express more fluently, more naturally and more appropriately.Primary Chinese intensive reading, as a main course, requires students to have a comprehensive grasp of listening, speaking, reading and writing, and pay special attention to combination of structure, meaning, usage and culture. The teachers are asked to explore comprehensive teaching methods, instead of imbuing and cramming. On the research of the chunk theory, this essay finds strengthening the awareness of chunks during the teaching process helps the students express more purely, appropriately and fluently. Through the study on the teaching situation of primary Chinese intensive reading, chunks are proved to link the vocabulary and grammar very well, especially at the primary stage. On the basis of chunk theory, this essay conducted a teaching design on the primary Chinese Intensive Reading, divided the Chinese chunks into fixed chunk, frame chunk and collocation chunk in the Chinese teaching practice, listed the three types of Chinese chunks in "Han Yu Jiao Cheng", the3rd volume, and in the end, explore the specific teaching methods of Chinese chunks in the teaching design of the six lesson "Chi Pu Tao".更多还原