【作者】 张晓东；

【导师】 路春美； 王学栋；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 动力工程（专业学位）， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 我国电力工业目前主要以火力发电机组为主,能耗高和环境污染严重是我国火电厂中存在的两大突出问题,而超超临界燃煤机组在解决以上两大问题上有其突出优势。另外,我国的水资源相对匮乏,且煤炭资源、水资源分配严重不均,经常出现富煤贫水的情况,导致火电厂用水问题也日益突出。考虑到这种情况,大力发展空冷机组,尤其是超临界、超超临界机组是必不可少的。直接空冷机组具有良好的节水性能,在我国富煤贫水地区具有很大的发展前景。目前,1000MW直接空冷机组已正式投入运行,其安全、高效的运行对我国整个火电事业的发展,以及资源短缺问题的有效解决均具有重要意义。本文以某1000MW直接空冷机组为对象,通过阅读大量相关的核心期刊和书籍,以及其他一些工程资料,分析比较了其主要技术特点,建立了空冷机组冷端系统——凝汽器变工况运行的数学计算模型,并进行了汽轮机和凝汽器的主要性能试验研究。本文的主要内容如下：对于所分析的1000MW级直接空冷机组实例,建立了直接空冷机组冷端系统的变工况数学模型,计算得到环境温度及机组负荷对机组排气压力的影响,获得凝汽器迎面风速对排气压力的影响。在理论研究的基础上,对机组实际运行情况,进行不同工况下的试验研究,比较全面地掌握并描述出机组直接空冷凝汽器的运行状况。在上述研究内容的基础上,对某1000MW直接空冷机组的机组汽轮机性能进行了考核试验研究。其中实验考核了该汽轮机验收工况THA的热耗率、75%THA工况的热耗率；考核了机组四阀全开4VWO工况、最大连续出力TMCR、夏季能力工况TRL、高加切除工况的出力；另外还对机组在THA工况、75%THA工况厂用电率及供电煤耗进行了测算与验证。通过本论文的工作,基本掌握了目前处于试运行阶段的1000MW直接空冷机组实际运行状况,为该电厂的实际运行管理提供了一批实用依据,对国内其他直接空冷机组的设计和运行具有一定的参考价值。本研究对于我国在富煤贫水地区进一步发展高参数大型空冷机组具有一定的指导意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present, the power industry of our country is dominated by thermal power plants. There are two outstanding problems in a thermal power plant which are high energy consumption and serious environmental pollution. The ultra supercritical coal-fired units have its outstanding advantages to solve the two major problems. In addition, China’s water resources are relatively scarce, and the distribution of water resources and the coal resources is very uneven. The conditions of coal rich water poverty result in the use of water in thermal power plant is becoming a serious problem. Considering the situation, vigorously develop the air cooling unit, especially supercritical, ultra supercritical unit is essential.Because of its superior water saving performance, direct air-cooling unit has a good foreground in China, especially in the region where coal resources are rich but water resources are lacking. At present,1000MW direct air-cooling unit has been officially put into operation. The safe and efficient operation not only has important significance to the development of thermal power industry but also can solve the resource shortage problem effectively. In this paper, by reading a lot of related core journals and books, as well as a number of other engineering materials, the author analyzed the main technical characteristics and established the off-design operation mathematical model of the condenser. At the same time, the performance tests of steam turbine and condenser were also taken. The main contents are as follows:This paper combined with the status of China’s energy and electricity distribution to demonstrate the necessity and feasibility of air-cooling units in North China and Northwest China where coal resources are rich but water resources are lacking, Analyzed the main technical features and technical requirements of turbine on the base of a1000MW direct air-cooling unit.The off-design mathematical model of the1000MW direct air-cooling unit’s cold end system was established. Obtained the influence of the environmental temperature, the unit load and the condenser wind speed on the discharge pressure. Basing on the direct air cooled generation unit theory, analyzed the operation data of the unit and mastered the situation of the condenser comprehensively.Based on the above study, the paper taked a performance assessment study of the1000MW direct air-cooling unit turbine. The THA and75%THA heat consumption rate of turbine acceptance conditions were examined, and4VW0condition, TMCR, TRL and high removal condition were tested. In addition, the auxiliary power ratio and coal consumption of the unit in the THA condition and75%THA condition were also calculated.Through the study of this thesis, the actual operating conditions of1000MW direct air-cooling unit which is in the stage of trial operation were basically grasped. It will benefit for the design and operation of other direct air-cooling unit. The study also has a certain guiding significance for further development of high parameter and large air cooling unit in the parts of domestic where coal resources are rich but water resources are lacking.更多还原