【作者】 张琳；

【导师】 安沙舟；

【作者基本信息】 新疆农业大学 ， 草业科学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 以昭苏马场建植的三种类型人工草地为立足点,以当地农、牧业生产情况为研究对象,通过人工草地的景观、杂草丰富度、牧草产量、牧草营养成分、经济效益等方面的分析,筛选评价人工草地种植类型,并通过调查农、牧业生产,以及农牧结合的新型生产方式的生产情况,分析其经济效益,并提出了人工草地生产的优化模式。结果表明：1.人工草地的建植弱化了因各种生产活动而造成的地表植被破坏,对提高当地的植被覆盖度有好的影响。经过翻耕种植的人工草地杂草丰富度小于直接补播的人工草地。2.三种类型的人工草地中,单播红豆草的产量最高,但营养物质含量最低,且与其它两种人工草地差异显著；混播补播草场的营养物质含量最高,但产量最低,且与其它两种人工草地差异显著；混播人工草地各项指标均不是最高,但与最高的差异不显著,因而单位面积上可提供最多的营养物质。3.人工草地的建植采用套种大麦的形式,建植当年即可收回全部成本,并有不同程度的盈余。人工草地建植当年,混播人工草地的经济效益最高,但建植翌年则单播红豆草地经济效益最高。4.农业种植与牧业放牧相比,二者经济效益差异不显著。农业种植成本高,但从业人员生活条件好；牧业生产成本较低,从业人员生活条件差,确有转变生产方式的需要。5.农牧结合的新型生产方式经济效益高,分别是农业种植小麦的110.4%,种植油菜的122.5%,是牧业全年放牧的112.5%。并且,新型生产方式在改善从业人员生活环境,保护牧区生态环境,增加从业人员收入等方面均有贡献。6.提出了一个适宜于当地的优化的人工草地生产模式,其生产资料配置如下：10hm2放牧草场,4.67hm2人工饲草料地。更多还原

【Abstract】 This experiment basic on three types of the cultivated sowed pastures of Zhaosu Horse Farm, study agriculture and stock farming production, analysis them from landscape, outputs, the kinds of weeds, the percents of nutriment of them and the economic effectiveness of them, and than, appraise them. This research studies research basic information of agriculture, stock farming and a new mode of production that it combined agriculture and stock farming, analysis the economic effectiveness of them, and come up with optimization model of the new mode of production. The result shown:1. As for vegetation fraction, the optimization model weakened the effect of all kinds of industry, and, it has good influence for improve vegetation fraction. From the kinds of weeds, the real tillage has lesser than the land that sowing seeds with not tillage.2. This research compares the three types of optimization model, and the result is that the land clean culture Onobrychis viciaefolia has highest output, but it has least the percents of nutriment. The mix-sowed after-culture grassland has most the percents of nutriment, but it has lowest output. The mix-sowed artificial grassland has middling the percents of nutriment and output, but at the side of the most, it has indistinctive difference. Therefore, the mix-sowed artificial grassland can offer more nutriment at unit area of land.3. The stock farming can not without economic benefit. The artificial grass built by the form of interplant Hordeum vulgare, and can retrieve all of investment and have not as much surplus at the fist year. At the built year, the mix-sowed artificial grassland has highest economic benefit, but at the second year, the land clean culture Onobrychis viciaefolia has the highest economic benefit.4. Comparing agriculture and the stock farming, the result is that their economic benefits have not significant variation. Agricultural planting cost is high, but it has practitioners living conditions. Animal husbandry production cost is low, its employees’life condition is poor, changing is the means of production needs.5. The new production combined agriculture and animal husbandry has higher economic benefit, it is respectively110.4%of agricultural planting wheat, growing122.5%of rape, is112.5%of the animal husbandry grazing all year. And, the new mode of production in improving employees the living environment, ecological environment protection pastoral areas, increase the income of workers were contribution.6. Puts forward a suitable for local optimization of artificial grassland production pattern, its production material configuration as follows:10hm2grazing pasture,4.67hm2sowed pastures for feed.更多还原