现代汉语工具成分研究

【作者】 张强；

【导师】 张亚军；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 语言学及应用语言学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 本文在学界有关工具成分的研究成果的基础上,对工具成分的界定、工具成分的标记及工具成分的句法实现等问题进行了研究。本文除引言和结语之外分为三章。第一章、现代汉语工具成分研究概况与工具成分的范围工具成分是现代汉语中比较常见的成分,已有的研究成果大多将“工具成分”限定在与动作义相关的动词这一范围之内,有动词出现并且是动作进行过程中必须凭借的名词性成分才是工具成分。本文以语义关系为基础,以句法形式为标准,将工具成分分为实体工具与抽象工具、固有工具与临时工具、显工具与隐工具、有标记工具与无标记工具四类,并简要比较了工具成分与材料、处所、方式等成分之间的异同。第二章、现代汉语工具成分的标记现代汉语中作为动词与名词性词语之间语义关系标记的主要是介词。工具成分的典型标记是介词“用、用来、.用……来、拿、以、凭”。其中“用、用来、用··来”可以搭配的工具成分类型较多,使用范围较广,“拿”次之,“凭”和“以”的使用频率最低。在工具成分的标记中,由于“用”的使用频率最高、使用范围最广泛,所以本文以“用”作为工具成分标记的代表,对“用”在不同结构中与动词、名词的不同关系进行了研究。第三章、现代汉语工具成分的句法实现现代汉语的工具成分在句法上可以与介词构成介词短语充当状语,这是工具成分句法实现的典型环境和典型方式。工具成分作主语分为两种情况：典型工具成分作主语时,动词必须和工具成分所能产生的影响相对应；非典型工具成分作主语时,动词要与句中宾语所能发出的动作相一致。工具成分作宾语时,宾语和谓语在意义上应有紧密的联系,如果是非典型工具成分作宾语,大部采用典型工具格形式“用+NP+VP”。就可带工具成分的动词而言,工具成分通常并不是该动词为核心的句法结构的强制性句法成分,其隐和现尽管具有一定的句法任意性,但仍有一定的规律。当工具成分出现时,主要表示强调、提醒,带有祈使和命令的语气,当回答对于工具成分的特指提问或目的性较强的提问时,工具成分也会出现。当工具成分隐去时,大多是由于交际双方都具有相似或相同知识背景下,在交际中不必将工具成分专门说出。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper describes the definition, the mark and the syntactic realization of tool components which based on the study of the tool components. This article divides into three chapters except outside the introduction and the conclusion.First,the research and the definition of tool componentsTool component is a relatively common ingredient in modern Chinese composition, most research has been limited the concept into a range which the verb associated with the action defined. Verbs have emerged and are a must during the course of action by virtue of NPs is the tool component. This article is based on semantic relations and take syntactic form as the standard, divided the tool component into the physical tools and the abstract tools, the inherent tools and temporary tool, the revealing tools and the hidden tool, the marked tools and the non-marked tools, and compared the similarities and differences between the tools components and materials, location, pattern components.Second, the markers of tool componentsIn modern Chinese, the marker between verb and noun semantic relation mainly is preposition. The typical markers of tool components are some prepositions like’用、用来、用……来、拿、以、凭”.The“用、用来、用……来”can be used with many types of tools, and have a wider using range,“拿’’is second,’‘凭”and"以”are the lowest frequency of use.In the tool component markers,"用" is the highest frequency and the most widely of use, this paper took’‘用’’as a representative of tool component markers, to study the difference relationship between "用" with the nouns and verbs structures.Third, the syntactic realization of tool componentsSyntactically the tool components with prepositions constitute a prepositional phrase can act as adverbials, which is a typical environment and the most common way for tool components to achieve the syntactic realization.The tool components as the subject is divided into two cases:when the typical tool components as the subject, the verb must correspond to the impact of tool components; when atypical tool components as subject, the verb should consistent with the action which from the object in the sentence.When the tool components as object, the object and predicate in the sense that there should be closely linked, if it is atypical tool components, most of the typical instrumental form uses"用+NP+VP ".Speaking of may have the tool components verbs, components are usually not the core of the syntactic structure of the verb mandatory sentence constituents, and although with certain implicit syntax of arbitrary, but there is still a certain amount of regularity. When the tool components occurs, the sentence mainly show emphasis, reminders, and commands with the imperative tone;when answering questions with direct purpose or to answer questions specific to the tool components, the tool elements will also appear. When the tool components concealed, mostly in the context of communication both with similar or the same knowledge of general communication, sometimes due to restrictions in the context, of tool components must be hidden.更多还原