【作者】 王敏；

【导师】 张晓明；

【作者基本信息】 吉林农业大学 ， 园艺， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 蕹菜(Iromoea aquatic Forsk)俗称通菜、空心菜、竹叶菜。旋花科蕃薯属。近年来蕹菜在我国北方种植面积逐年增加,对缓解淡季蔬菜市场的供应起到一定的作用。本实验以东北主栽品种泰国蕹菜为研究对象,在北方缺锌的碱性(PH7.6)土壤上进行实验。研究采用A基施锌肥(15kg/hm2)、B基施锌肥(7.5kg/hm2)+追施锌肥(7.5kg/hm2)、C叶面喷施锌肥(15kg/hm2)、D基施锌肥(15kg/hm2)+叶面喷施锌肥(15kg/hm2)、CK对蕹菜的生长的影响。结果表明,基施锌肥(15kg/hm2)+叶面喷施锌肥(15kg/hm2)能促进蕹菜的生长发育,具有显著的增产效应；在一定范围内施锌,蕹菜叶片锌含量增加。而且合理的施锌方式不会污染土壤和环境。试验结果如下：1锌促进蕹菜种子萌发和幼根生长对蕹菜种子进行浸锌处理,可以促进蕹菜发芽进程。当锌浓度在0.05%时,蕹菜种子露白提早了24小时,幼根更长,当锌浓度在0.1%的时候,蕹菜种子露白数(发芽数)下降。当锌浓度在0.05%时,幼根长度增加明显,第1d为1.48cm,第2d为4.87cm。当锌浓度在0.1%的时候,和其他处理比较幼根增长的不明显。2锌肥促进了蕹菜的生长适量施锌,蕹菜表现出植株高度降低,增加茎粗。生长健壮,叶片浓绿。蕹菜缺锌则叶片不能正常生长,生长缓慢。这表明增施锌肥促进了蕹菜的生长发育。3锌肥提高了蕹菜的生理活性施用适当的锌肥有利于提高蕹菜叶片中叶绿素、SOD、POD、CAT活性,降低MDA、硝酸盐含量。植物叶绿素含量增加,碳酸酐酶(CA)和羧化酶的活性增强,增强光合作用能力,缺锌时叶绿素合成受到抑制,叶绿体结构破坏,细胞内CO2浓度、叶片气孔导度降低,CA和羧化酶的活性降低,导致CO2同化固定能力下降。4锌肥明显地提高了蕹菜的产量锌通过影响重要酶的活性来影响蕹菜叶绿素含量,引起光合作用的变化。本试验中,缺锌和过量使用锌肥,对叶绿素的合成不利,降低光和强度和光能利用率。在A基施锌肥(15kg/hm2)、B基施锌肥(7.5kg/hm2)+追施锌肥(7.5kg/hm2)、C叶面喷施锌肥(15kg/hm2)、D基施锌肥(15kg/hm2)+叶面喷施锌肥(15kg/hm2)、CK(不施锌,土壤有效锌含量为0.46mg/kg)几个处理下,随着锌肥的施用量的增加,蕹菜的单株鲜重较对照(CK)都有所提高。其中处理D基施锌肥(15kg/hm2)+叶面喷施锌肥(15kg/hm2)对蕹菜单株鲜重效果明显。增施锌肥明显提高蕹菜的产量。5锌肥提高了蕹菜的品质适当的增施锌肥可增加蕹菜的含锌量,提高了蕹菜Vc、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白的含量,提高了蕹菜的营养品质。更多还原

【Abstract】 Water spinach(Iromoea aquatic forsk), commonly known as the dish, hollow vegetable and bamboo food. In recent years water spinach in north China in planting area has increased year by year, to alleviate the supply plays a certain role of off-season vegetable market.In this experiment, the Northeast cultivars Thai water spinach as the object of study, experiments carried out in alkaline (PH7.6) north of zinc deficiency soil.This study explores the test the experimental results was A base-zn fertilizer (15kg/hm2), B base-zn fertilizer (7.5kg/hm2)+topdressing zinc fertilizer (7.5kg/hm2), C foliar spraying zinc fertilizer (15kg/hm2), D base-zn fertilizer (15kg/hm2) and foliar spraying zinc fertilizer (15kg/hm2), CK’s influence to the growth of water spinach. The results show that the concentration of base-zn fertilizer (15kg/hm2) and foliar spraying zinc fertilizer (15kg/hm2) of the zinc fertilizer can promote the growth and development of the Iromoea aquatic forsk, has the remarkable increase effect; In a certain apply zinc range, blade zinc content increased,and the fastest increase zinc of leaf. And reasonable-zn is not contaminated soil, and the environment. This experiment purposes, discussed in foliar spraying zinc fat for improving influence of the quantity and containing zinc production of the hollow vegetable, to adapt to the growth of the Iromoea aquatic forsk apply-zn in many ways, find the most suitable for water spinach growth, most can improve the quality of iromoea aquatic forsk nourishment-zn way. Test results are as follows:1Appropriate zinc concentration promote water spinach seed germination and the growth of root budWater spinach seeds of zinc leaching process, can promote water spinach germination process. When zinc concentration in0.05%, water spinach seed ahead of the thief24hours, roots and buds longer, when zinc concentration in0.1%of the time, water spinach seed sprout potential and germination index, potential decline. When zinc concentration in0.02%～0.05%, the root, the bud length increase obviously, when zinc concentration in0.05%to0.1%, the growth of the root and the bud is not clear.2Increase apply-zn fertilizer, promote the growth of the water spinachThis subject is the results of the study show that right amount, the performance of the water spinach reduce plant height, stem diameter increase. Strong growth, blade greener. Water spinach is short of zinc can’t normal growth, slow growth. That increase the zn fertilizer promoting the growth and development of water spinach.3The zn-fertilizer to water spinach what can improve some of the biological activities. Use appropriate zinc fertilizer is helpful to improve the iromoea aquatic forsk’s chlorophyll in the leaf, SOD, POD and CAT activity, reduce the MDA, nitrate content. Plant the chlorophyll content and carbon anhydride enzyme (CA) and the ratio of the enzyme activity, strengthen the ability of photosynthesis, zinc-deficiency, chlorophyll synthesis is restrained, chloroplast structure damage in cells, CO2concentration, stomata conductance decreased, CA and the ratio of the enzyme activity is reduced, and cause CO2assimilation fixed ability is reduced.4Zn fertilizer obviously improve the production of water spinach.Zinc through the influence of the key enzyme to promote the vegetables chlorophyll, photosynthetic rate, dark reaction, cause the change of photosynthesis. Research has shown that excessive use of zinc or zinc deficiency, on chlorophyll’s synthetic adverse, reduce the photosynthetic strength and light energy utilization rate. This experiment used A base-zn fertilizer (15kg/hm2), B base-zn fertilizer (7.5kg/hm2)+topdressing zinc fat (7.5kg/hm2), C foliar spraying zinc fat (15kg/hm2), D and zinc was fat (15kg/hm2) and foliar spraying zinc fat (15kg/hm2), CK (zero zinc, soil zinc content is0.46mg/Kg) several processing, along with the increase of the zinc fertilizer, individualplant fresh weight of water spinach than contrast (CK) have improved. Among them was the processing D base-zinc fertilizer (15kg/hm2) and foliar spraying zinc fertilizer (1.5kg/hm2) to individualplant fresh weight of iromoea aquatic forsk has obvious effect. The test data show that obviously water spinach-zn fertilizer can promote their production.5Zn fertilizer can improve the quality of iwater spinachThe results of the study show that, increase zn fertilizer can increase the amount of containing zinc to iwater spinach, improve the water spinach Vc, soluble sugar, soluble protein content and improve the nutrition quality of water spinach.更多还原