【作者】 张丽；

【导师】 甘文平；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 越南战争文学是20世纪下半期美国文学中的一种新型文学类型。美国越战作家不仅描写越南战争本身,描写战前、战中的美国社会现实,而且还再现越战给美国社会各层面带来的深刻影响。梯姆·奥布莱恩是被公认的美国最优秀的越战小说家,已创作完成八部优秀的越战作品,主要运用后现代主义的写作手法描写战争本身和战争经历。目前国内外学者对其研究的评论文章主要集中在其代表作《追寻卡希亚托》、《他们携带的东西》和《林中之湖》,它们的艺术特色,特别是后现代主义创作手法成为学者们研究和学习的焦点。《林中之湖》出版于1994年,目前为数不多的评论文章讨论的依然是小说的艺术特色,鲜有从文本间的互文关系来研究小说的主题内容。本文试图从互文性视角来诠释奥布莱恩的《林中之湖》,并揭示小说深刻的主题意义。“互文性”的理论基础是“任何作品的文本都像许多行文的镶嵌那样构成的,任何文本都是其他文本的吸收和转化。”在《林中之湖》中处处可见互文文本,奥布莱恩多处引用历史事实、其他著名作家的小说、军事法庭的证词、采访和新闻报道来揭示美莱村屠杀案的残酷以及战争给美国社会带来的巨大创伤。本论文运用互文性理论,分别从小说与历史事实、大众传媒和军事法庭之间的相互关系来挖掘作品丰富的创作主题。论文分五章。第一章简介梯姆·奥布莱恩和他的《林中之湖》,说明研究意义和涉及的理论,并简要介绍本论文布局。第二章分两节,第一节按时间顺序讲述越战历史的真实；第二节按小说文本顺序讲述小说的真实,从而比较二者的不同之处。第三章也分两节,第一节描述对真实士兵和小说士兵的采访；第二节展示真实和小说两方面的新闻和报道,从而比较媒体真实和历史真实的不同。第四章从军事法庭的证词和调查取证,进一步揭示历史真实是无法更改的事实。第五章总结全文要义并揭示《林中之湖》所要表达的主题：作者通过援引大量其他文体和证词,强有力地证明越战中美莱大屠杀是无可争辩的历史事实,从而阐明越战的残酷性和历史事实的无法更改性。论文最后提出进一步研究小说的可能性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Vietnam War literature appears as a new type of American literature in the second half of the twentieth century. American Vietnam War writers not only depict the war itself, the reality of American society before and during the war, but also describe the deep influence on American society brought about by the war. Tim O’Brien is acclaimed to be the best writer of the Vietnam War, having finished eight excellent Vietnam War books, and he mainly uses postmodernist techniques to depict the War and war experiences. Recent critical articles about him at home and aboard mainly focus on his masterpieces Going After Cacciato, The Things They Carried and In the Lake of the Woods. The novels’artistic features, especially postmodernist writing style are the scholars’research center. In the Lake of the Woods was published in1994, and the critical articles in small quantity still focus on his artistic features and ignore the multi-text structure.This thesis tries to interpret In the Lake of the Woods from the perspective of intertextuality and promulgate its profound thematic significance. The theoretical foundation of intertextuality is that "any text is constructed as a mosaic of quotations and any text is the absorption and transformation of another text." In In the Lake of the Woods, intertextual texts appear everywhere. O’Brien quotes historical truth, other novels, court-martial testimony, interviews and news reports to explore the cruelty of the My Lai Massacre and trauma of American society brought by the Vietnam War. Based upon the theory of intertextuality, this thesis unearths the novel’s profound themes through the study of intertextual relationship respectively between novel and historical truth, novel and mass media, and novel and martial court.This thesis consists of five chapters. The first chapter briefly introduces Tim O’Brien and his novel In the Lake of the Woods. It also illustrates the significance of the research and the relevant theories and briefly states the layout of the thesis. Chapter Two is divided into two sections. Section one represents happening-truth of the Vietnam War through time order; section two deals with story-truth through novel order, so as to compare their differences. Chapter Three also consists of two sections. The first section is concerned with the interviews of real soldiers and fictitious soldiers;the second section illustrates real reports and fictitious ones for comparing the differences between media-truth and novel-truth. Court-martial testimonies and U.S. Amy investigations in Chapter Four add weight to the fact that what happened in history is unchangeable. The last chapter is the conclusion of the whole thesis and re-explores the novel’s theme:by citing lots of other genres and testimonies, O’Brien powerfully proves that the My Lai Massacre in the Vietnam War is indisputable truth, thus clarifying the cruelty of the Vietnam War and the unchangeability of happening-truth. It also puts forward the possibilities of further research on this novel.更多还原