【作者】 刘瑜；

【导师】 黄玉花；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 汉语国际教育， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 在现代汉语中，“有”字句是一种较为特殊的句式。它的使用频率很高，语义广泛，语法结构复杂，在对外汉语教学大纲中被列入初级级别项目，但是使用的准确率较低。本文着眼于日语母语者习得“有”字句的偏误研究，基于汉语中介语语料库的数据进行分析，将偏误句进行了分类。主要分为四种，分别是“有”的缺失偏误、“有”的误用偏误、“有”的添加偏误及其他偏误。本文还将所有偏误句使用的句式结构进行了分类。通过数据分析并结合“有”字句在日语中的对应表现，得出以下结论：首先，日本学生“有”字句使用偏误中80%以上属于“有”字缺失偏误，即该用“有”字句而没有使用。所有的偏误句中使用句式2即两个名词“N1+有+N2”的句法结构最多，也达到了80%以上，因为该句式与日语的“有”字句有直接对应的表现方式，容易被学生掌握。但是由于对于“有”后面名词的词性理解有偏差，并受到母语负迁移的影响，从而缺失了关键词“有”；其次，在缺失和多余“有”字的同时出现了副词、助词的缺失或使用不当的情况；最后，受母语语序的影响，出现了语序错误。这个问题不仅会在习得“有”字句时出现，也会在其他语法中出现，作为教学的重点应值得特别重视。在此基础之上本文提出了一些不成熟的教学意见，希望起到一定的借鉴作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 In Modern Chinese,“You（有）” sentence is a special syntactical structure. It hasa high frequency of use, wide semantic range and complex grammatical structure.Although it is included in the primary level of Chinese teaching syllabus as a foreignlanguage, the use of it has a low accuracy. This thesis which focuses on the biasederror research when the Japanese native speakers make acquisition of “You（有）”sentence and analyzing the data of the Chinese inter-language corpus, classifies thebiased error sentences into four types: missing “You（有）”, misuse of “You（有）”,superfluous “You（有）” and other biased error. This thesis also classifies all thesentences structure of the error sentences. Through data analysis and merging “You（有）” sentence in the corresponding performance in Japanese, the author makes theconclusions as followed:First of all, the Japanese students who make “You（有）” sentence errors, makemissing error more than80%in the whole, namely they always unused even if shoulddo. In all of the error sentences, sentence2structure which looks like “N1+You（有）+N2” appears the most, more than80%as well as the above. The reason is thissentence directly corresponds to the performance of “You（有）” sentence in Japanese,so it is easily grasped by students. But as a result of the misunderstanding of the partof speech of the noun followed “You（有）” and under the influence of negativetransfer of mother tongue, the keyword “You（有）” is missed. Secondly, when missingand superfluous “You（有）” appears, missing or improper use of adverbs and particlesadverbs appears at the same time. Finally, word order error appears under theinfluence of word order of mother tongue, which not only appears in the “You（有）”sentences, but also appears in other grammars. As a teaching important point, it deserves special attention.On this basis, this thesis proposes some immature views of teaching, wanting toplay a certain reference role.更多还原