【作者】 赵梅；

【导师】 丁志国；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 工商管理， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 20世纪70年代初，国外的小额信贷开始出现，并在以后的二十年里有了长足的发展，这一期间，小额信贷是走“福利主义”还是“制度主义”之路一直是众多学者争议的问题。中国的小额信贷从“扶贫经济合作社”开始，经历几个阶段的发展。随着小额信贷在中国经济社会中的作用逐渐显现，这种以“蓝海市场”为目标的信贷模式，因其能有效解决我国部分农村金融问题、提高农村及低收入群体的收入、在一定程度上替代民间借贷、让更多的国民分享经济增长的好处、消除政治经济中的不稳定因素，而受到了中国政府的高度重视和认可。在今天，更多形式存在的，是商业化运作的“小额贷款公司”。这些以民营资本占主体的“小额贷款公司”，在其发展的过程中，除了要面对可控的内部风险以外，还要面临包括法律、政策层面上的不可控外部风险，如何让这些“小额贷款公司”克服各种风险，健康发展并持续经营下去，更好地服务于中国经济，“小额贷款公司”将面临怎样的社会地位与政策引导，将走怎样的一条路，是经济界及所有小额贷款公司极为关注的问题。本文从研究小额信贷的发展开始入手，系统地研究了中国小额信贷的发展历程，总结出中国政府所推行的小额贷款公司是以制度主义形式为主的，详细地介绍了辽宁省小额贷款公司的发展情况，间接地介绍了XX小额贷款公司生存的政策环境，通过对XX小额贷款公司的业务模式（从客户、利率、担保方式等方面）及运营风险（公司内部的机制和外部政策、环境等方面）的分析，总结出XX小额贷款公司是一家发展得较好的小额贷款公司，其在运营上有其独到之处，但也有不尽如人意的地方，XX小额贷款公司为了生存与发展，在业务上充分发挥小额贷款公司的便捷、灵活优势，在积极为区域内的中小企业服务的同时，也得到了丰厚的经济回报。但是，XX小额贷款公司在运营中时时面对各种风险的考验，有来自于企业内部的、社会经济环境的，也有相当一部分是来自于法律和政策层面上的，这些风险是XX小额贷款公司也是所有的小额贷款公司所共同面临的行业发展的瓶颈，是他们凭借自身力量根本无法解决的。本文从这一事实出发，对政府改进小额贷款公司风险现状的法律及政策建设提出了建议，希望能够尽快建立、完善和出台相关法律、法规，为小额贷款公司确定社会身份与地位，给小额贷款公司一个健康、可持续发展的平台；在经营上、业务上适当放手、不要过度监管，给小额贷款公司一个公平、竞争发展的平台；在税收上让小额贷款公司享受与其社会责任、业务相对等的政策，给小额贷款公司一个向“蓝海人群”提供关心、帮扶服务的平台。并真正从完善金融体系、开展农村金融改革及服务“三农”的角度出发，制定切实可行的、能够正确引导民间资本的政策，以期实现中国小额贷款行业的健康、公平、可持续发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 At the beginning of Nineteen seventies, foreign microfinance began to appear, and in the subsequent twenty years it had made great progress, In this period, which road to choose between " welfare " and " institutional " has been to be a large number of scholars dispute issue.Microfinance of China originated "pro-poor economic cooperatives ", experienced historical stages of development. Along with its apparent role of development in China economic society gradually, The credit model targeted in " blue ocean market", as which can effectively solve some China’s rural financial problems, also can improve the rural and low-income people, to some extent instead of borrowing, let more national share the benefits of economic growth, eliminating the factors of instability in the political and economy, so it attaches great importance and recognition by the Chinese government. Today, more forms existence, is the commercial operation among the " micro-credit company ". These " micro-credit company ",private capital accounted for its main body, in the course of its development, has to face controllable internal risk, also need to face including legal, policy stratification plane uncontrollable external risks, how to make these " micro-credit company " overcome all sorts of risks, have a healthy development and continue to operate, well served in the Chinese economy, For micro-credit company, What kind of social status to face? what kind of policy guidance to have? and what kind of road to choose? All these are the great concern in economic sector and all the micro-credit companyThis paper studies from the development of microfinance, and have a systematically research for the process, summed up that the Chinese government carried out the micro-credit company is the institutional forms, introduces in details the micro-credit company development in Liaoning province, indirectly introduced XX micro-credit company survival policy environment according to ⅩⅩ, the micro-credit company’s business model (from customers, interest rates, by way of security etc) and risks (internal mechanism and external policy, environment etc.) The analysis, summarized that ⅩⅩ micro-credit company is a well developed small loan company, its operation has its own knack in just as we wishes, also do not have the place, the company in order to survive and develop in business, giving full play to its convenience, flexibility, be active in regional small and medium-sized enterprise services at the same time, also obtained the huge economic returns. However, ⅩⅩ micro-credit company’s operation faces the test of all sorts of risks, which come from internal of the enterprise, the social economy environment, also the mainly from legal and policy level, these risks become the industry development bottleneck which to be faced by ⅩⅩ micro-credit companies and all micro-credit companies, By virtue of their own strength, they still can not solve, this paper coming from this fact, aimed for government to improve the micro-credit company risk status of legal, policy construction and offered a proposal, be able to establish, perfect and introduction of relevant laws, regulations, micro-credit company for determination of social identity and status, providing the micro-credit company a healthy, sustainable development platform; in the operation of business, do not let go, the appropriate excessive regulation, to the micro-credit company, having a fair competition platform of development; micro-credit companies have the right to enjoy their social responsibility, business relative to said the policy in tax, giving the micro-credit company care, support services platform to "Blue Ocean crowd ". And really from the perfect financial system, rural financial reform and the degree of serving "3farming ", be able to correctly guide the private capital policy, in order to realize Chinese microfinance industry health, equity, sustainable development.更多还原