【作者】 徐芳；

【导师】 李贺；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 工商管理， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 随着全球经济一体化和贸易自由化的发展，各种经济活动已经超越国家界限，逐步形成全球统一的贸易大市场。而ISO9001质量管理体系第三方认证已经成为进入这个大市场的准入证之一。质量管理体系认证为我国的质量管理工作起到了良好的促进作用。但是应当承认，近几年国内外对认证工作的批评也在逐渐增多，要求改进的呼声日益增强。一部分通过认证的企业，其质量管理水平并没有提高。这里面的因素很多，有企业自身问题，也有认证公司片面追求商业效益，忽视了对认证工作的管理。目前，如何保证质量管理体系审核的有效性是值得我们探讨的问题。“产品”质量是一个国家经济、科技、文化和整体实力的综合反映，是经济社会发展的重大课题。作为软件企业，随着计算机软件在各个领域的广泛应用，对其质量的要求也越来越高，这就要求我们结合企业的软件产品特点建立有效的质量管理体系。但是，目前国内各种认证与企业实际业务相脱节的现象十分严重，即，企业质量管理体系文件表述的是一套，实际执行的是另一套。更多的企业是为“认证”而认证，即为了拿到相应的资质才去搞质量管理体系，而不是出于对产品质量负责，不是为了提升并保持公司的产品质量而建立质量管理体系，这就造成企业质量管理的“两张皮”问题比较严重。即使企业通过了认证，软件质量还是无法保证，更重要的是软件产品质量存在严重问题，给各种应用领域带来了潜在的、不可估量的风险。因此，为了使质量管理体系与实际环境更有效的结合，真正吸收质量管理体系的“精华”为企业所用，把先进的管理方法与软件公司实际结合，通过有效的质量管理体系的建设把企业管理体系操作起来，并通过认证保证产品质量同时有效发挥企业特长，从而保证产品质量，为企业负责、为客户负责就成为一个值得研究的课题。我们对标准理解得越深刻，就越发现：质量管理体系，只是教给我们一种基本的方法，只有学会这种方法，才能更加有效地去解决更多的具体问题。本文针对GB/T19001-2008/ISO9001:2008质量管理体系要求结合企业实际建立有效的质量管理体系，通过系统化的建设过程，为中小型软件企业提供有效的建设方案。在分析企业业务特点、产品特点系统地建立适合企业发展的质量管理体系的同时还讨论了一些以往我们忽视的重要方面，即，有特点的适度结合而不是盲目的全盘接受，借鉴国际先进质量管理理念并培养本土质量文化；重视人在质量建设中的重要作用；质量管理有宏观管理和微观管理之分，两者缺一不可、相互配合；质量建设是所有部门和单位的共同责任，“责任、权力、利益”之间的平衡是保证质量的关键；质量管理与技术创新对产品质量的贡献不同，但是对产品质量同等重要；产品质量与产品全生命各阶段都要有关系等等。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the global economic integration and trade liberalization of development,all kinds of economic activity have been beyond national boundaries, and graduallyform the unity of global trade market. And ISO9001quality management systemauthentication has become the three parties to enter this market one of thesatisfaction here. Quality management system certification for our country’s qualitymanagement work plays a good role in promoting. But it should be admitted thatboth at home and abroad in recent years to the authentication work criticism arealso increase gradually, the requirement to improve the growing calls. Part throughthe authentication enterprise, the quality management level and didn’t improve.There are many factors the, the enterprise itself, and the authentication companyone-sided pursuit of commercial benefit, ignored the authentication workmanagement. At present, how to guarantee the effectiveness of the qualitymanagement system audit is worth our discussion the question."Products" quality is a national economy, science and technology, culture andthe overall strength of the comprehensive reflection, is the important topic ofeconomic and social development. As a software enterprise, along with thecomputer software extensive application in many fields, to the quality request toomore and more high, this requests us combining with enterprise software productfeatures to establish an effective quality management system. However, the currentdomestic various authentication and enterprise actual business separationphenomenon is very serious, namely, the enterprise quality management systemdocuments express is set, and the actual execution is another set of. Moreenterprise is for "the authentication" and the authentication, i.e., in order to get thecorresponding qualification to make the quality management system, and not of thequality of our products is responsible for, not to enhance and maintain thecompany’s product quality and set up quality management system, and this canmake enterprise quality management "two skins" problem is more serious. Even if the enterprise passed the authentication, software quality or cannot assure, moreimportant is the software product quality have serious problems, to variousapplication fields brought potential, immeasurable risk. Therefore, in order to makethe quality management system and actual environment more effective union, trulyabsorption quality management system for the enterprise "essence" is used, theadvanced management methods and software company actual union, througheffective quality management system of the construction enterprise managementsystem operation up, and through the authentication to guarantee the quality of theproduct at the same time effectively play enterprise specialty, so as to ensure theproduct quality for enterprise responsible, be responsible for clients will become asubject worth studying. We have the profound understanding standard, the findings:the quality management system, just teach us a basic method, only to learn thismethod, can be more effective to solve more specific problems.According to GB/T19001-2008/ISO9001:2008quality management systemrequirements combined with the actual conditions of China’s enterprises toestablish an effective quality management system, through the systematicconstruction process, for small and medium-sized software enterprise provideeffective construction scheme. On the analysis of enterprise businesscharacteristics, product features system to establish suitable for enterprisedevelopment of the quality management system at the same time also discussedsome past we ignore the important aspects, namely, there are features of moderatecombination not blind completely accept, draw lessons from the internationaladvanced quality management concept and develop native quality culture; Payattention to people in the important role of quality construction; Qualitymanagement have macro management and microscopic management points, bothcan be dispensed with, and cooperate with each other; Quality construction is alldepartments and units of common responsibility,"responsibility, power and interest"between balance is the key to ensure the quality, Quality management andtechnology innovation to the product quality contributions different, but the quality of our products are equally important, The product quality and product whole life eachstage have relation, etc.更多还原