【作者】 邵华；

【导师】 李正栓；

【作者基本信息】 河北师范大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 莎士比亚作为英国文艺复兴时期的代表人物，他丰富多产的作品，无论是戏剧还是诗歌都可算作是对整个西方世界文化的缩影和概括，以至于他对后人的影响至今仍存在。人们对莎士比亚的研究也从未停止，而且随着文学理论的发展也在逐步更新。作为现代因生态危机的出现，引起人们思考而产生和发展的生态批评理论，它其实并不仅仅适用于当代环境，同时也适用于对于过去时代的研究。生态问题不是一时的涌现，而是人类出现后，对大自然越来越过分的索取和征服，在长年累月的过程中积攒起来的愤怒的报复。所以可以用生态理论来从经典古籍探究生态问题可能的起源，以及人们在征服自然过程中的心态逐渐失衡，从而更好地指导和改正用于解决我们当前所面临的生态环境问题的方法，并向和谐的人与自然共处世界更进一步。本文共分三大章节：第一章阐述了莎士比亚对和谐的宇宙秩序的美好意愿。从西方传统的宇宙观方面将莎士比亚对宇宙知识的运用分为了自然大宇宙的和谐，以及人类小宇宙的和谐。大宇宙的和谐代表着包括天体在内的整个自然界的相互和谐，是世界最理想的状态；受“天人对应”传统观点影响，以人为主的小宇宙的和谐同样重要。大宇宙与小宇宙共同创造了整个世界的和谐统一环境。第二章主要通过诗中对自然意象的描写，来说明人与自然密不可分的关系。第一小节站在人是自然的一部分角度，从人类必须遵守自然法则，和人的物化方面体现人在自然存在之链中的地位；第二小节，站在自然的角度，通过对诗中体现自然的力量，以及自然对人的影响，来进一步说明人与自然谐相处对整个生态和谐的重要性。第三章则侧重人际和谐对整个生态系统稳定的重要性。人类社会作为生态母系统的一部分，对整个生态系统影响重大。通过对友人和爱人的积极热情的描述，以及对爱人种族的平等对待等内容，莎士比亚充分地表达了他对整个人类的博爱与平等，以及反映出了他对构建一个和谐友好社会的美好期待。更多还原

【Abstract】 As one of the representatives in English Renaissance, Shakespeare was an diligent andproductive writer, whose various works no matter in drama or poetry, were an epitome of thewhole western culture, and had a great impact on the later generations. Studies onShakespeare have never stopped, and they developed with the development of literarytheories. Ecocriticism emerged and developed with the modern ecological crisis in the naturalworld, which then made people ponder deeply and try to find causes or solutions in theliterary works. Not only applied in the modern environment, it also can be used in discussingthe past matters of old time. Eco-problem is not an emergence in a burst. It is an outbreakfrom nature for the increasingly excessive demand and conquering of human, and a furiousrevenge of nature in people’s long-term accumulated plunders. The ecological theories can beused in the exploration of the origins of the eco-problems from the classics, and in thinkingthe reason and process of human’s gradual imbalance of mentality in conquest of the nature.In that case, people can attempt to seek a better way of revolving ecological andenvironmental problems under the direction of ecological theories, and promote therelationship between human and nature forward to the harmonious world.The thesis is divided into three chapters with two or three parts in each.Chapter One is in relevance to the harmonious hope in the wide range of universe fromthe traditional cosmology which regarded the cosmos as two concepts–microcosms andmacrocosms. The harmony of macrocosms which covers the whole natural world includingthe heavenly bodies in the sky is the most ideal condition of the world; under the influence ofthe thought of microcosmic-macrocosmic parallel, the accordance between human thoughtand body, and the good order inside human body are also of great importance. The harmonyof microcosms and macrocosms creates together the peaceful and united environment for thedevelopment of the world.Chapter Two explains the inseparable relationship between man and the nature by aseries of images of natural world. Firstly from mankind’s standpoint displays that human raceas part of nature, has to follow the rules of nature. Additionally, by means of dehumanization of people, human being’s status in nature and the Great Chain of Being is clearly seen;secondly, standing in the nature’s perspective, through the reflection of nature’s power intime’s force, and the effects of nature on human, the importance of the harmoniousrelationship between human and nature is obvious.Chapter Three elaborates the significance of the peace in the interpersonal relationship.Human society as part of the ecological system plays an important role in the development ofthe whole system. Shakespeare expressed his universal love for the entire human world andindiscriminate treatment to kinds of races of people in the world by his passionate friends’love with his young friend and his fever-like love for the “dark lady”. His love for friend andlover showed Shakespeare’s dream of building a friendly and harmonious human society.更多还原