【作者】 王洁；

【导师】 张建强； 李健威；

【作者基本信息】 西南交通大学 ， 环境工程， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 为适应经济社会发展要求,以生态环境建设和社会经济发展为核心,遵循生态规律和经济规律,把生态建设、环境保护、自然资源的合理利用与社会经济发展及城乡建设有机结合起来,国家针对横江流域制定了相应的梯级电站开发规划。论文通过对研究河段(包括支流)水文情势、水质、水温、水污染负荷、工农业用水及生态环境用水等要素的调查和监测,分析和评价流域水环境现状,结合梯级电站运行方式,研究水电梯级开发河段的水文情势、水质(水温)变化,预测和评价梯级联合运行可能带来的水环境影响,其中梯级电站对水质影响的研究要特别重视对位于水库区的城市、乡镇集中生活污染源对库区水环境的影响。论文通过实地调查、收集所需各种资料。根据工程区域地形、地貌及自然地理条件,针对工程开发方式及建筑物布置特点,利用实测1/2000河道地形图及1/200河道大断面,结合模型试验成果,对梯级电站兴建可能对河道的水域形态、流量、水量、水位、流速、含沙量的变化情况进行分析。对于横江梯级建成后对整个流域的各方面影响,采用列表对比法进行分析。其次,为了解盐津县城和普洱镇城市生活污水排放对库区水质的影响,本次评价考虑最不利来流情况(枯期),并将库区污染源简化为点源从库尾左侧排入,对枯期采用河流二维水质模型对河段水质进行预测分析。采用Dillon模型预测工程河段总磷、总氮浓度分布,分析河流发生富营养化条件和可能性；对已建电站采用舒适度计算方法,分析了水库蓄水对沿岸人体舒适度指数的影响；采用库水交换次数法对各梯级水库分层类型进行判别。预测结果表明,建库后库区水域面积较天然河道水域面积有较大的增加,库区内流速将减缓,使库区河段水域环境从急流河道型向静水型转变。梯级电站联合运行对径流的年内、年际分配均无影响。二维稳态混合衰减模式预测结果表明,撒鱼沱和燕子坡电站兴建后,由于库区水深、水面宽度增加,对污染物的稀释能力增强；库区流速减缓,污染物横向扩散加快。与电站兴建前相比,污染物能在更短的距离内稀释混和。最后,论文针对梯级开发对流域水文情势及水质产生的影响,在可持续发展的要求下,提出了对应水文情势保护和水质保护的措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 For the sake of adapting to the needs of economic and social development and with the core of ecological environment construction and economic and social development as a core,Based on the study section (including tributaries), water quality, water hydrology, water pollution, industrial and agricultural water use and water ecological environment factor investigation and monitoring, analysis and evaluation of present situation of water environment, combined with the operation mode of cascade hydropower plants, hydropower cascade development of hydrology, water quality (temperature) changes, prediction and evaluation of cascade joint operation may bring the water environment impact of cascade power stations, the effect on water quality in reservoir area should pay special attention to the city, township centralized pollution sources on the water environment impact.Through the field investigation, collection of various data needed. According to the regional topography, geomorphology and natural geographical conditions, the project development and building layout features, using the measured1/2000and1/200river channel topographic maps of large section, combining with the model test results, the cascade hydropower stations may be constructed on river water, water, water level, flow pattern, velocity of flow, sediment concentration change situation analysis. The cross river cascade was built on the entire watershed of various aspects of the impact, the comparative method to analyze the list. Secondly, in order to understand the Yanjin Pu’er City County and town sewage discharge on water quality influence, this evaluation considering the adverse flow conditions (dry season), and the reservoir pollution source is simplified as a point source from reservoir tail left into dry period, on the river water quality model for river water quality prediction and analysis. Using Dillon to forecast the total phosphorus, total nitrogen concentration of Engineering reach distribution, analysis of eutrophication of river conditions and possibilities; has been built on the power station uses the comfortable degree calculation method, analysis of the reservoir on the coast comfort index of human body; the water exchange frequency method on the cascade reservoir stratification type discrimination.The prediction results show that, after the build of reservoir waters area of natural river water area was increased, the area of flow velocity will slow down, make the reservoir area river water environment from the rapids River to hydrostatic model change. The joint operation of cascade hydropower stations on the runoff in a year, it had no effect on the interannual distribution. The two-dimensional steady mixed attenuation model prediction results show that the fish, and DA and swallows slope station was built, as the reservoir depth, surface width increases, the pollutant dilution ability enhances; reservoir flow slowed down, pollutant transverse diffusion speed. Power construction compared to before, pollutants in shorter distance dilution mixture. Finally, aiming at the cascade development on hydrological regimes and water quality impacts, the requirements of the sustainable development, put forward corresponding hydrological situation of protection and water quality protection measures.更多还原