合同法适用中的交易习惯冲突研究

【作者】 李红；

【导师】 董长春；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 法律， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 交易习惯在经济生活中的广泛适用性意味着交易习惯必须要法律化,而将交易习惯写入合同法也是鼓励交易、尊重当事人意思自治等合同法基本精神的必然要求。因此,我国合同法中有多个条文涉及运用交易习惯的规定。事实证明,在合同法司法实践中,运用交易习惯补充合同漏洞或解释合同条款是解决合同纠纷的重要方式。然而,交易习惯的多样性决定了合同法适用中的不同交易习惯之间必然存在冲突。我国合同法中也只规定了交易习惯在合同纠纷解决中可以作为明确合同条款真实意思的依据,并没有规定交易习惯的司法适用要件,即什么样的交易习惯可以作为确定合同内容的依据,所以,根据现行法律并不能解决交易习惯冲突的问题,这就给司法审判者带来了难题,导致了交易习惯司法适用的标准不一,形成比较混乱的局面,严重影响了交易习惯功能的发挥,因此,解决交易习惯司法适用冲突是合同法必须要解决的问题。本文将通过比较的、举例的、文献的研究方法,从实际出发,归类出不同类别的交易习惯,分析不同类别的交易习惯在司法适用中存在冲突的表现形式,探究交易习惯冲突存在的多方面原因,进行深入的探讨、说理,在总结各种学者观点的基础上,从立法方面和司法方面着手寻求解决交易习惯冲突的可行途径。交易习惯冲突的实质是当事人利益的冲突,因此,在选择解决交易习惯冲突的途径的时候必须充分考虑平衡交易双方当事人的利益,在尊重合同法的基本精神的前提下,以社会经济的和谐为宗旨,提出解决交易习惯冲突的立法途径与司法途径,从而不仅达到有利于交易习惯功能的发挥的目的,兼顾当事人的公平利益,同时符合合同法鼓励交易、尊重当事人的意思自主及诚实信用的原则。更多还原

【Abstract】 The broad applicability of trade usages in the economic life means that trade usage must be legal, which trade usage is written to the contract law is the inevitable requirement of the basic spirit of the Contract Law what is to encouraging trading and respecting for parties. Therefore, there are several provisions in China’s Contract Law involving the use of trade usage. Facts have proved that in the judicial practice of contract law, the use of trade usage to supplement contract loopholes or explain the terms of the contract is an important way to resolve the contract disputes.However, the diversity of the trade usage brings about the inevitable conflicts among different trade usages in the process of applying contract law. China’s contract law only stipulates that trade usage can be used as the basis of explicating the true meaning of the terms of the contract in the process of contract dispute resolution. But it doesn’t stipulate the conditions of judicial application of trade usage, which means that which kind of trade usage can be the basis for determining the content of contract. Therefore, according to the current law, we cannot solve the problem of conflicts between different trade usages. This brings about some difficult problems to the justice, and results in chaotic situation of different standards in judicial application of trade usage. Then, the function of trade usage has been seriously affected. Therefore, the conflicts among different trade usages in the process of judicial application must be resolved.This paper will use research methods of comparison, giving examples and literature, to classify different types of trade usages so as to analyze different manifestations of conflicting of different trade usages in judicial application. And then, the author will explore the multi reasons of trade usage’s conflict and have a in-depth exploration. At last, on the basis of summarizing many scholars’perspectives, the author will seek possible ways to solve trade usages’conflict from aspects of legislative and judicial. The essence of trade usage is the parties’interest conflict. Therefore, we must take full account of the balance of trading interests of the parties in choosing the way to solve the trade usages’ conflict. Under the premise of respecting the basic spirit of contract law and the principle of the harmony between social and economic, the author will point out the legislative means and judicial means to solve trade usage’conflicts. As a result, it will reach the purpose of playing function of trade usage, taking into account the fair interests of both parties. At the same time, it complies with the contract law’s principle of encourage trading, respecting the parties’meaning autonomy and good faith.更多还原