交通肇事罪之“因逃逸致人死亡”研究

【作者】 张超；

【导师】 王敏；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 刑法学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 “因逃逸致人死亡”是指行为人在交通肇事后无正当理由而逃跑,致使被害人因得不到救助而死亡。“因逃逸致人死亡”虽然规定于交通肇事罪法条中,但其既不是基本交通肇事罪的结果加重犯,也不是情节加重犯。“逃逸致死”行为独立于交通肇事行为,所以“因逃逸致人死亡”的成立不以构成基本的交通肇事罪为前提。构成“因逃逸致人死亡”,需要证明“死亡”与“逃逸(实为不救助)”之间存在因果关系。但要注意,中间介入其他因素的,并不一定导致该因果关系的中断。在实际情况中,行为人不救助被害人致其死亡的,行为人对死亡的罪过形式既包括过失,也包括故意。在法律评价上,“因逃逸致人死亡”也既可以评价过失情况,又可以评价故意情形。因为,行为人对死亡持故意的,也并不一定构成故意杀人罪,需要分情况分析。不救助致人死亡是否可能构成其他犯罪?首先,我国刑法第261条遗弃罪要求行为人与被害人之间存在扶养关系,肇事者与被害人之间不具备。其次,不救助行为可能构成其他法例中的保护者责任遗弃罪,但要研究具体情况。最后,不救助行为不会按照故意杀人罪处理。因为,不作为犯罪要比照作为犯从宽处罚。按不作为故意杀人罪处罚与按“因逃逸致人死亡”处罚相当。在法条就不救助行为作出特别规定的情况下,应当按照该特别规定“因逃逸致人死亡”处罚。更多还原

【Abstract】 ’Death caused by hit and run" refers to the act that the offender flees after a traffic accident without warrant which leads to the victim dead lack of aid. Though "death caused by hit and run" is located in the Traffic Offense, but it is neither offense aggravated by circumstances nor offense aggravated by consequence of the basic Traffic Offense."Hit and run leads to death" is independent of traffic offence, so the establishment of the "death caused by escape" is not based on that of the basic offense."Death caused by hit and run" indicates that the "death" is caused by "run". But be aware that the element interfered does not always break the causation. In practice, the actor may be intentional or negligent. And "death caused by hit and run "can cover both these two conditions. It isn’t intentional homicide crime when the actor is intentional as some scholars say. It needs to make concrete analysis of concrete conditions.May the condition that death due to lack of aid be sentenced by other crime? At first, it can’t be sentenced by the abandonment crime which constitutes only when the victim is supported by the actor. Secondly, it may constitute the abandonment crime which against the obligation in sometimes. At last, the behavior of run without aid shouldn’t sentenced by intentional homicide crime. Because, the criminal omission should be mitigated compared to the crime with action. Actually, the penalty of "death caused by escape " can justify the condition enough.更多还原