论私人侦探制度在我国民事诉讼中的构建

【作者】 张倩；

【导师】 段厚省；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 法律， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 私人侦探是指一种专为个人提供保卫及调查服务的民间专业人员,世界各国对侦探行业的态度不同,有的对其有明确的立法如美国,有的对其没有专门的立法如德国(但通过相关法规对私人侦探业做出了限制),总体来看,英美等西方国家对私人侦探业持肯定的态度。反观我国的私人侦探却长期处于灰色地带,巨大的社会需求与尴尬的非法身份形成鲜明的对比。本文通过四个部分的论述来探讨在我国的民事诉讼中建立私人侦探制度的相关问题。第一部分,笔者分析了私人侦探的起源以及其存在的法理基础,论证了私人侦探的存在既有其合理性又有其合法性。第二个部分,介绍了美国、德国、日本等三个国家的私人侦探业,目的在于为我国的私人侦探业提供可以借鉴的经验。文章的第三个部分,笔者回顾了我国私人侦探业其产生发展先后经历了三个阶段,分别是产生期(1992年至1994年)、低谷期(1994年至1998年)和发展期(1998年至今)。由于在全球一体化的时代背景下,社会对私人侦探业的需求越来越大、个性化要求也在不断加深,公司在雇员行为调查与企业资信调查领域对私人侦探的需求也有增无减,在经济快速发展的推动下私人侦探行业的发展前景乐观。目前,我国私人侦探的业务范围主要包括：打假及知识产权调查、民事诉讼证据调查、商业反欺诈调查、竞争性情报与企业资信调查、企业安全咨询与雇员行为调查、以反洗钱为核心的金融领域调查以及其他调查业务。此外,文章中还指出了我国侦探业目前所存在不少问题,主要有：第一,国家法律对私人侦探的法律地位没有明确的界定,也没有法律来规范该行业,使得私人侦探被称为“走在法律边缘的人；第二,缺乏统一的行业规范,从业人员素质良莠不齐；第三缺乏统一监管。针对这些问题,笔者在文章的第四个部分提出了相应的解决办法,如尽快制订一部私人侦探法,从立法宗旨、私人侦探执业条件、私人侦探公司成立条件、私人侦探的业务范围及其权利义务、私人侦探协会职权、私人侦探及私人侦探公司的法律责任等方面全面规范私人侦探行业,进行行业自我规范进一步加强行业内部整合与外部联合等。更多还原

【Abstract】 Private detective is one kind provide the popular professional staff who defends and serves on inquiry specifically for the individual. Attitude of Private detective in every country is different, some legislating has definite law for that industry,such as America.some country does not make law for private detective, for example Germany,but there are Private Information Protection Law and laws of state security which limited the range of private detective work. Generally speaking, most west countries of the world have confirmed the legal status of Private detective. It is very different from China, private detective is illegal in our country.The main body of this paper is as follows:Chapter Ⅰ, by exploring the meanings and characteristics of the private detectiveprofession, and revealing the difference and relationship among the private detective,private security and police, this part tell us how to realize and understand this profession.Chapter Ⅱ, the basic situation of private detective is introduced in this part.Chapter Ⅲ, the secret of private detective is unveiled in this part,which in China emerged since1992, and experienced three stages, including emerging stage(1992-1994),bleak stage(1994-1998)and developing Stage(1998-recent).We will find this profession is in an embarrassing situation in China. Besides, this part focus on these aspects:the identity of the legitimacy of private detective, the efficiency of evidence provided by private detective, and the possibility of privacy infringement or obstruction of justice. The writer tries to find the reasonable evidence in order to establish the system of private detective as soon as possible.Chapter IV, this part tells us how to establish private detective system which suit for China’s own national conditions by learning advanced experiences of other countries. First of all, the legal status of private detective should be clear. Secondly, the industry access system of the private detective agency and its practitioner should be set up. Thirdly, management in this profession should be enhanced by providing the legal scope of business, strengthening the industry self-discipline, unifying standards for fees. At last, this profession should be supervised effectively by setting up liability system of private detective.更多还原