【作者】 杨雪峰；

【导师】 史铁林； 廖广兰；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 机械电子工程， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 结构色作为一种特殊的生物物理现象，已经引起了科学家们的广泛关注。特别是Morpho蝴蝶，其闪亮耀眼的蓝色光芒在很远的地方都可以看见，这种颜色效应是一种典型的结构色，当鳞翅处于不同的环境中时，其表面的光学特性会发生变化。本文对Morpho Didius蝴蝶对不同环境介质的响应特性进行了研究。首先，利用基恩士显微镜对蝴蝶鳞翅在不同环境中的颜色进行了观察，发现当滴加甲醇和乙醇溶液到鳞翅表面时，鳞翅的颜色会发生明显变化。另外，通过光学测试平台对蝴蝶鳞翅样品在不同环境下的反射光谱进行测量，由结果可知，滴加不同的溶液时，鳞翅表面的反射光谱和对应颜色发生明显变化，并且经过主元分析法处理之后差异更加明显。而当鳞翅周围环境是有机蒸气时，鳞翅表面的反射光谱和颜色改变微小，无法将不同的环境媒介区分开来，此时引入一种求取反射光谱相对改变量的方法，将不同介质与通入载气时的反射光谱求取差值，这种方法将不同介质的差别进行放大并且排除了载气对测试的影响，可以将不同介质进行有效的区分。借助严格耦合波理论对仿Morpho Didius蝴蝶鳞翅结构的模型进行了针对不同环境氛围中特性的仿真分析。首先，在原模型基础上建立了两种简化模型，对三种模型在不同环境氛围下的反射光谱分析，发现非等宽非对称模型敏感性最强且与鳞翅本身特性最为接近，选取该模型进行深入分析。模型在横向上形成了类光栅结构，在纵向上形成了多层薄膜结构，提取了形成这种结构的主要参数并分析了这些参数对蝴蝶鳞翅在可见光范围内反射特性的影响。与此同时，还针对鳞翅处于不同环境媒介的情况进行了分析，在均匀介质中时，通过折射率表征；而在有机蒸气中时通过纳米厚度的薄膜层进行表征。分析发现模型的反射光谱及后续数据处理可以将不同介质和不同浓度蒸气进行有效区分。上述实验及仿真加深了对Morpho蝴蝶鳞翅结构色的显色机理及其对氛围的检测能力的了解，为具有环境检测功能的仿生微纳结构/器件的设计、制造和应用提供了理论指导。更多还原

【Abstract】 The structural color as a special bio-physical phenomenon existing in the world hasbeen paid more attention by many researchers. The iridescent blue color of Morphobutterfly which is one of the most popular examples can be found from far away. It is atypical structural color. The optical property of the butterfly wings changed obviouslywhen the surrounding media was altered.In this thesis the response characteristic of the Morpho Didius butterfly to differentbackground media was investigated. First, the color of the butterfly wing scale in differentmedia was observed using the Keyence microscope. It can be found that the wing colorwould change obviously when dropping methanol or ethanol on it. Otherwise, thereflectance spectra of the butterfly wing scales in different media were measured. Theresults revealed that the reflectance spectra and the color corresponding to the spectra havethe significant differences when the sample was in different media. And through theprincipal components analysis the response was further differentiated. In addition, thereflectance spectra of the wing scale immerged in different organic vapor was detected.The reflectance spectra and the color corresponding to the spectra changed very little. So itcannot be used to distinguish individual media. A method to calculate the relative changesof the reflectance spectra was introduced here. It could amplify the discrepancy ofdifferent media and get rid of the influence of the carry gas. The results certificated thatthe butterfly wing can be used to distinguish different media.Furthermore, the Rigorous coupled wave analysis technique was employed to analyzeresponse property of the mimic models to different media. First, two more simplifiedmodels was designed to contrast. By comparing the modeling results with experiments, weidentified that the Model I has the best sensitivity. It mimicked the actual scale structurewell and can be used to further studying. The model looks like a grating structure in thetransverse direction, and in the vertical it’s like a Multi-layer film structure. The mainstructural parameters were access from the structure. Then the impact of these parameterson the reflection property of the wing scale was analyzed. At the same time, this thesisinvestigated the property of the wing scale while it was in different background media.When it was in homogeneous media, the media was represented by the index of refraction,and when it was in organic vapor, the media was characterized by the film with differentthickness. The reflectance property of the model was investigated. It can be found that themodel can distinguish the media and the organic vapor through the reflectance spectra andthe Data processing method.The experiments and simulations help us have a deep understanding of the mechanism of the structural color and its sensitivity. It can be used to steer the design,manufacture and applications of the bionic micro/nano structures/devices forenvironmental detection.更多还原