【作者】 张丹；

【导师】 胡伟；

【作者基本信息】 上海交通大学 ， 公共管理， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 在传统的计划经济体制下，我国政府长期对户籍管理实施管制，它分化了公民的身份，严格实行“城乡分治”的户籍管理，严格限制户籍流动、设置准入门槛。这有其历史必然性，也发挥了其特有的历史作用。本文主要运用管制的公共利益理论，采用理论研究和实证分析相结合、静态分析与动态分析相结合的分析方法，对中国的户籍制度的历史沿革及现状，指出由于对户籍制度的管制实际上是对户籍制度背后附属的劳动就业、医疗保险、教育等一系列公共物品进行分配的过程，因而它属于社会管制，并且以准入管制为主要手段，在政策的制定、执行过程中户籍管制体现了不同利益集团的博弈过程。对户籍实施管制有它的正面效应，但同时，因管制有不可避免的缺陷与问题，削弱着国家干预的正效应。最后，本文就各地开展各类户籍改制进行了评论，指出放松对户籍的管制是历史的必然规律，但是放松管制不等于放弃管制，在目前的历史经济条件下，完全剥离户籍制度附属的各项福利，恢复户籍制度原始的人口登记和管理功能，需要一个循序渐进的过程。本文提出了相关对策:对与户籍政策相关的各项制度进行合理调整；对户籍的功能进行科学配置；积极调整户口迁移政策，引导人口合理流动；加快户籍立法；坚持分类管制，区别对待。本文的创新点在于创新性的用政府管制的理论来分析户籍制度，在于对传统政府管制理论和方法的改革提出并运用了放松管制以及注重成本效益分析的政策主张。更多还原

【Abstract】 Under the traditional planned economy system, Chinese governmenthas regulated the census register management for a long time. Suchregulation polarizes the citizen identity, strictly practices the censusregister management of difference between city and rural areas. It alsorigidly limits the float of census register, sets up the permission obstacles.Such phenomena is historical inevitable and has played its specialhistorical role.This essay basically uses theory of Public Interest Theory，appliesthe analyzing way of both academic studies and case analysis in practice,studying not only the static state but also the development. It alsocompares the Chinese current census register managements with those inforeign countries, and points out the real reason of census register regulation is the process of distribution of public products includinglimited food supplies, employment, medical care insurance andeducation,which are attached to the census register system. So it is socialcontrol and take the permission control as the main instrument. Thecensus register control embodies the gaming process of different interestgroups. The control of census register has its positive effects. At the sametime, the inevitable limitation and problems of control also diminishes thepositive effects of administrative intervention.Finally, the essay discusses the census register reformations invarious areas, indicates that the release of census register control ishistorically inevitable. However, the release does not mean the abandonof controlling. Under the current historic and economic conditions, itneeds a gradual process of totally removing all the benefits of censusregister system and resumes its original function of population registerand management. This essay gives some suggestions such as to adjust thesystems related to census register reasonably, to reset functions of censusregister scientifically, to adjust census migratory policies and guidefeasible population float, to legislate the law of census register as soon aspossible and to insist on classified management.This essay innovatively applies the government control theory toanalyze the census register system, and suggests to reform the traditionalgovernment control theory and means, asserting to use the policies of releasing control and focusing on the analysis of cost-benefit.更多还原