【作者】 张娟；

【导师】 马克林；

【作者基本信息】 西北师范大学 ， 社会学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 社会组织是构成社会系统的基本要素之一，我们每一个人的生活都会接触到大量的社会组织。当前，中国社会急剧转型，多重的利益追求和多元的价值观念冲击着国人的头脑，随着传统伦理关系的式微而来的是传统权威和传统社会的解体，人们面对的是一个碎片化的社会。在这样的社会情境下，人们开始感到迷茫、无所适从，缺乏归属感和认同感，时代呼唤着能满足人们需求的社会组织的构建。在现阶段中国，作为社会组织中主要构成者的企业、政府部门、高等学校等官方的科层制社会组织并不缺少，但是除此之外的其他民间社会组织并没有得到充分发展。与此类社会组织在现阶段中国社会生活中发挥的有限作用和缺位形成鲜明对比的，是基督教在现阶段中国的迅猛发展，在这样的现实矛盾中，对基督教教会组织的研究就有了特殊的理论意义和现实需求。本研究以社会组织理论为理论框架，借鉴马克斯韦伯理想类型的分析方法，对照社会组织的理想类型，从组织的目标、组织的正式结构、组织的运行、组织的功能等几个主要方面入手，剖析了G县基督教教会的组织特征。首先，该教会在组织的集体层面不但有相对明确的总体长远目标，还根据实际情况出发制订了具有地方特色的阶段性目标；教众个人也都明确自己的使命。信徒个人的目标和教会的阶段性目标都指向了教会的总体长远目标。其次，该教会具有较为完善、层级分明的组织机构和规章制度体系，各层各级的权责、分工都比较明确。在教会里有一个经过专门机构认定的“法人代表”，全面负责教会事务；设有经信徒选举产生并经相关部门备案的教会管理委员会，商议处理教会里的大小事宜；有严格按照《中国基督教教会规章（2008年）》按立的神职人员，为信徒提供宗教属灵服务；根据实际需要，还设立了6个职能小组。再次，在宗教属灵活动方面有计划，有安排，有固定的时间、固定的内容以及固定的主持人员，具有了成熟的行动模式；在教会的世俗事务方面不论是法人代表、长老执事，还是职能小组、广大教众，基本上都能认真扮演角色，履行职责，严格遵守上级教会、“两会”、相关部门以及本教会的规章制度和工作安排，为实现教会的目标而努力奋斗；教会在与外界进行互动时，能以理性的姿态做出有利、有理、有节的举动，按章办事，在合法的“规范和资源”内行动。最后，该教会对信徒的个人生活产生了深远的影响，从而也对所在地区的社会生活产生了一定的影响。在个体层面上，主要表现为心理调适功能；在社会生活层面上，主要表现为社会整合功能。同时也表现出保守、宿命论等负功能。总之，G县基督教教会不是一个简单、原始、组织化程度低、管理混乱的宗教信徒团体；相反，已经是一个比较正规、组织化程度比较高、科层化初具雏形的、组织机构正常运行的社会组织。另外，G县基督教教会的组织化程度比较高，并非完全是自发自主的，部分原因是根据《中国基督教教会规章（2008年）》的规定，为了适应相关政府部门、更高一级宗教组织、“两会”的要求，被迫走上组织化道路的，所以我们可以说基督教教会是“被组织化”的，其中政府相关部门的引导作用是不可忽视的一个方面。同时，本研究认为，教会的发展从一个侧面反映出了当前转型期，碎片化的社会中能够给予人们归属感、认同感等需要的社会组织的缺位，正是这样一类社会组织的缺失，再加上基督教的处境化努力，使得基督教教会及其信徒群体得到了迅速的发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 As one of the units of social systems, social organizations are what we touchupon in our daily lives. But in current China, with the rapid transformation of thesociety and the pursuit of interests, multi-values have a great impact on human minds.People confront with fragmented society with the decay of the traditional ethics,which result in the decay of traditional authorities and the traditional society.Under such social circumstances, people were puzzled and lack of the sense ofbelongings as well as identity.In current China, such hierarchical social organizations as enterprises,governments and institutions of higher learning are great in number, but otherorganizations are not adequately developed.In contrast with the limited functions and the absence of this kind of socialorganizations, Christianism is booming in China. Such contradictions demands for thespecial theoretical meanings and the realistic needs for church organizations ofChristianism.With the theory of social organization as theoretical framework, and the ideatypeput forward by Max Weber, this thesis draws an outline of social organizaion ofideatype, and makes an analysis of the organizations characteristics of Christianchurch from the following aspects, that is to say, the goals, structures and thefunctions of organizations.First of all, this Christian church not only has relatively definite long-term goals,it also establishes gradual goals with local characteristics. The individual goals andthe gradual goals should be based on long-term goals of the Christian church.Secondly, this Christian church has complete and hierarchical organizations andsystems of rules and regulations. Different levels have different rights and obligationsand the division of work is definite. There is a corporate representative who has beenauthenticated by specialized agency and will be in charge of all affairs of the Christianchurch.Besides, there is a management committee voted by the disciples, which is incharge of relevant affairs. Clergies will provide the religious spiritual servicesaccording to China Christian Council Regulations, and six functional groups had beenset up according to demands. Thirdly, a mature action model has come into being because the religiousspiritual services is well planned and arranged, and there are fixed time, contents aswell as presiders.As far as secular businesses are concerned, the corporate representative, theelders and deacons, the functional groups as well as the disciples plays respectiveroles and carry out corresponding responsibilities. They will obey the Christianchurches of the higher level, the regulations and work arrangement of both thisChristian church and other relevant sectors. If there is interaction between his churchand the outside churches, he is sure to act reasonably and legally.Last but not least, this Christian church has a great influnce on the lives of theinvidivuals, hence it affects the corresponding social lives of this area. As far as theindividuals are concerned, this Christian church influences the functions ofpsychology adpation. As for the social lives, social integration is its embodiment, andconservation and fatalism are the negative function.In short, the Christian church of G county is not a simple, primitive and lowlyorganizazed disciple organization. On the contrary, it is a relatively standard, wellorganized, fledgling in bureaucratization and properly functioned social organization.Besides, the good organization of the Christian church of G county is not totallyout of spontaneity, but the adaption to relevant government sectors, religiousorganizations of a higher level as well as the “Two Conferences”(the NationalPeople’s Congress and the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference), that isto say, the government plays an important role in the Christian church.At the same time, the author thinks the development of the church reflects thetransitional period of current society, people can not be endowed with the sense ofbelongs and identity by the fragmented society. It is because of the absence of thiskind of social organization and endeavors of Christian churches that makes theChristian churches and disciple groups develop rapidly.更多还原