【作者】 钱军；

【导师】 张卫华；

【作者基本信息】 合肥工业大学 ， 载运工具运用工程， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 现代化城市是一个脆弱性高、风险高度集中的区域，加之城市原有规划上的不合理，城市道路网流量经常处于过饱和状态，交通网络系统往往十分脆弱。一旦爆发突发事件，极易引起大面积的交通拥堵瘫痪，事发区域内人员车辆难以在短时间内撤离出疏散区域。因此研究突发事件下城市交通疏散与控制的方法，使出行者能在最短时间内大量转移，对减小事件后果严重性、保障人民群众生命财产安全具有重要的现实意义。首先，从城市突发事件的定义及分类出发，分析了突发事件对城市交通的影响以及突发事件下城市交通流的特征。提出了应急交通疏散控制方案的实施判定标准，并给出了信号控制交叉口与无信号控制交叉口的影响范围阈值指标，确定了事件疏散区域。对社会疏散车辆与应急救援车辆交通需求分析方法进行了探讨，同时指出应急交通需求是随着时间的推移逐步加载到疏散路网当中的。其次，对疏散区域道路网通行能力分析方法进行了研究，并选择了适用于研究突发事件下车辆路径选择问题的路阻函数。通过建立动态交通网络，提出了基于遗传算法的社会疏散车辆动态路径选择模型，使社会车辆能够回避拥堵路段，并实时获取到达安全区域的最优路径；同时在确定应急避难所容量和位置的基础上，建立了各交通分区中避难所到交通集结点之间的应急救援车辆最优路径模型。接着探讨了突发事件下可实施的疏散策略，包括交叉口、道路、区域和人流疏散策略，以及控制策略，包括单点信号控制、信号协调控制、控制系统与诱导系统的协同控制策略，为交通管理者制定应急疏散方案提供了参考依据。最后，建立了突发事件下应急疏散控制方案的评价体系，详细阐述了各个指标的定义与计算方法，以期指导交通管理者科学合理的制定交通疏散方案，更好的引导疏散交通流向安全区域撤离，保障城市非常态交通流的安全高效运行。更多还原

【Abstract】 Modern city is a region with high vulnerability and concentration of risk.Together with the urban original unreasonable planning, traffic network system isvery vulnerable while urban road network flow is always in a constant state ofoversaturated. Once the incidents outbreak, it is extremely easy to cause large areasof traffic congestion, even paralysis, and it is difficult for people and vehicles to beevacuated in a short time. So it is extremely important to research the urban trafficevacuation and control method under emergency and make travelers transfer largelyto safe areas in the shortest time. It’s also has a practical significance of reducingthe severity of incident consequences and safeguarding people’s safety of the livesand property.First of all, the influence of the emergency on urban traffic and thecharacteristics of urban traffic flow under the emergency are analyzed from thedefinition and classification of the emergency. Judgement standard of emergencytraffic evacuation and control scheme,threshold index of influence scope in thearea of signal control intersection and no signal control intersection are putforward,then the emergency evacuation areas are determined. Traffic requirementanalysis about vehicles of social evacuation and emergency rescue is given, and itis pointed out that the emergency traffic demand is loaded into the evacuationnetwork gradually as time goes on.Then, the road network capacity of evacuation area is analyzed, and roadresistance function of vehicle routing applicable to be studied under the emergencyis chosen. Social evacuation vehicles dynamic path selection model based on thegenetic algorithm is put forward by establishing the dynamic traffic network. It isuseful to make social vehicles avoid congestion sections and get real-time optimalpath accessing to security regions. At the same time, the optimal path model ofemergency rescue vehicles between traffic area refuges and traffic rally point isestablished on the basis of the determination of the emergency shelter capacity andposition. Under the condition of emergency, Evacuation and the enforceableevacuation strategy including intersection, road, regional and people evacuation strategy, and control strategy including single point signal control, signalcoordination control, control system and cooperative control strategy of guidancesystem, are discussed, which provide a reference for traffic managers to developemergency evacuation plans.Finally, the evaluation system of emergency evacuation and control scheme isestablished, index definitions and calculation methods are elaborated so as to guidethe traffic managers to make traffic evacuation scheme scientifically and reasonably,guide the traffic flow to evacuate to safe areas, thus ensuring the efficient and safeoperation of traffic flow in abnormal state of the city.更多还原