【作者】 李晓梅；

【导师】 陈健飞； 罗平；

【作者基本信息】 广州大学 ， 建筑与土木工程， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 建筑从某种意义上讲是社会发展程度的标志，经济快速发展的今天，城市和乡村建筑都经历着不断的变化。乡村建筑从零散到集聚、从低矮到高层；同时，城市快速发展高楼林立，日益扩张的城市高层建筑已成为城市建筑的主体。建筑作为城市和乡村景观的重要组成要素，建筑空间信息对城乡规划和建设起着关键作用。本文选取广州市域为研究区，以SPOT5遥感影像的全色波段为主要数据源，结合GIS、数理统计方法和实地调查法等多种方法，对研究区内建筑容积率进行估算，进而对广州市建筑空间特征进行差异性分析。根据影像中建筑的空间特征，把研究区建筑分为不同类型区：高层建筑、多层建筑、多层密集型建筑、低矮密集型建筑、分散型建筑和厂房式建筑。对不同建筑类型区采用不同方法估算容积率：用阴影长度法估算高层建筑容积率；用阴影面积法估算多层建筑容积率；用实地调查法估算密集型建筑容积率；用单层建筑标准估算工厂型建筑容积率；用建筑密度估算低矮分散建筑容积率。对高层建筑和多层建筑容积率估算结果进行精准度验证，准确度可达80%以上。结合所得数据对广州市建筑分布特征进行空间分析。主要研究结果如下：不同类型区建筑容积率的大小次序为：多层密集型建筑>多层建筑>高层建筑>低矮密集型建筑>厂房式建筑>分散型建筑；不同行政区域的建筑容积率值差别较大：海珠区和越秀区的建筑容积率分别为3.3和3.13，居研究区前两位，萝岗区、花都区、白云区和黄浦区的建筑容积率值小于2，其他区市的建筑容积率值在2-3之间。以建筑密度、景观蔓延度和离散度指数等指标，分析广州市建筑斑块集聚特征和斑块混合程度，揭示了广州市各区市建筑斑块平面布局特征；通过对容积率空间分布差异分析，获知广州市建筑在垂直方向布局特征；在对各区市建筑空间布局合理性分析的基础上，对优化各区市建筑规划提出了相应建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Buildings is a sign of the development of society at some degree, for the rapid developing ofthe economy, the buildings both in rural and urban changed a lot. The buildings in rural changedfrom scatter to gather, from low to high. Urban rapid development with tall buildings, theexpanding high-rise building has become the main body of the urban construction. So it’simportant to know much more information of buildings, which play an important role in Urban-rural planning and constructionGuangzhou city is selected as the study area and panchromatic SPOT5image is used as maindata in this research. GIS, mathematical statistics methods and field methods are used tocalculate the Floor Area Ratio, and then analyzing the differences of spatial distributioncharacteristic of Guangzhou buildings. Based on the property of the building in remote sensing,we divided the building area into six categories, high building, multi-storey building, plant typebuilding, multi-storey-dense building, low&dense building and scattered building. Usingshadow length to estimate the high building; using shadow area to estimate the multi-storeybuilding; using field methods to obtain the layers of dense building to estimate their Floor AreaRatio; using single storey building to estimate plant type building; the density of the ruralscattered building were used to be their Floor Area Ratio directly. After estimating those kinds ofbuilding, we verified the accuracy of the shadow length and the shadow area methods, and theaccuracy is above80%. Combined with the data we worked out, to analyze the spatialdistribution differences of the buildings in Guangzhou.The results show that different types of building have different Floor Area Ratio, we arrangedthem in order of size, the highest is multi-storey-dense buildings, then multi-storey building,high building, low-dense building, low&dense building，plant type building，the last is scatteredbuilding. The Floor Area Ratio is different from region to region, Haizhu and Yuexiu districts arethe highest two region in the study area, the Floor Area Ratio is3.3and3.13. The Floor AreaRatio in Luogang district, Huadu district, Baiyun district and Huangpu district is less than2. TheFloor Area Ratio of the other region is between2and3.We use building density, contagion andinterspersion index to analyze the characteristic of the building batches, and get better known of the layout characteristic and mixing degree of building batches. Analyzing the distribution ofbuildings’ Floor Area Ratio, and get the building batches characteristic in the vertical distinction.Through detail analyzing of the building distribution characteristic in each districts, someproposals of planning are given at last.更多还原