【作者】 刘伟；

【导师】 邢维芹；

【作者基本信息】 河南工业大学 ， 环境工程， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 铅是土壤中最常见的污染重金属之一，通过磷酸盐降低其生物有效性和移动性是铅污染土壤修复的重要手段。磷酸盐稳定土壤铅的效果可能受到土壤磷形态及有效性的影响。然而，目前对不同肥力土壤的磷素性质及磷素性质对磷稳定铅的效果缺乏研究。本文主要探讨了肥沃和贫瘠土壤的磷素性质、不同磷有效性土壤中磷酸盐对铅的稳定效果和不同土地利用方式下土壤有效磷与重金属有效性的关系。研究的主要结果如下，（1）郑州市荒地和农田土壤有效磷的平均含量分别为3.54和10.0mg·kg-1，pH的平均值分别为8.25和8.07。荒地和农田土壤的无机磷组分中钙结合态磷比例分别为67.0%和69.1%。各形态无机磷相比，农田土壤Ca10-P含量的平均值略低于荒地土壤，其它各形态均高于荒地土壤，且Ca2-P含量和Ca8-P含量显著高于荒地土壤（p<0.05）。（2）对郑州市城市土壤的研究表明，0-10cm和10-20cm层次，土壤Olsen-P的平均值分别为30.2和21.8mg·kg-1，各土地利用方式下有效磷均出现较强的富集和表聚现象，Olsen-P平均含量的顺序是汽车站>商业区>居民区>街道>公园>工业区。土壤Olsen-P与有效态Cu和Ni存在较强的正相关性（p<0.01），而与Pb和Zn的相关性不显著（p>0.05）。（3）设置0、500mg·kg-1两个Pb用量和0、1829mg·kg-1两个磷酸盐用量，在贫瘠土壤（S土）和肥沃土壤（F土）中加入铅培养30d后加入磷培养105d。结果表明，加铅且加磷处理与仅加磷相比，S土和F土Olsen-P分别降低5.65%和10.3%，与仅加铅相比，DTPA-Pb分别降低25.9%和42.8%。（4）设置0、1000mg·kg-1两个Pb用量和0、1220mg·kg-1两个磷用量，在贫瘠（S土）和肥沃（F土）土壤中加铅后加磷酸盐培养。结果表明，对于加铅且加磷处理，S土DTPA-Pb含量显著高于F土（p<0.05），而仅加铅土壤中，F土DTAPA-Pb含量显著高于S土（p<0.05）。对于对照、仅加铅和加磷且加铅处理，S土与F土Ca2-P含量差异不显著（p>0.05），仅加磷情况下，F土Ca2-P含量显著高于S土（p<0.05）；F土对照和各处理Ca8-P含量均显著高于S土（p<0.05）。以上结果表明，与贫瘠土壤相比，肥沃土壤磷有效性和Ca8-P含量较高，城市土壤中Cu、Ni和P的有效性受相似因素控制。磷酸盐在贫瘠土壤中易失去有效性，而在肥沃土壤中对铅的稳定作用较强。更多还原

【Abstract】 Lead (Pb) is one of the most common polluting heavy metals in soil; the immobilizationof Pb with phosphate can substantially reduce the availability and mobility of Pb in soil. Theimmobilization of lead with phosphate may be affected by the speciation and availability ofphosphorus in soil. However, information about phosphorus in soils with different fertilitiesand its effect on the immobilization of Pb with phosphorus is scarce. The properties ofphosphorus in sterile and fertile soils, the immobilization of Pb in soils with differentfertilities with phosphorus and the relation between the availability of heavy metals andphosphorus in soils with different land uses were investigated in this work. The resultsindicated that,i) The average concentration of available phosphorus in uncultivated land and farmingland soils in Zhengzhou were3.54and10.0mg.kg-1, respectively, the average pH values were8.25and8.07, respectively. The Ca-P accounted to67.0%and69.1%of the total inorganicphosphorus in these two kinds of soils. The average Ca10-P concentrations of farming landsoils were slightly lower than the uncultivated land soils, while all other forms of inorganicphosphorus were higher than those of the latter, the difference between Ca2-P and that ofCa8-P were significant (p<0.05).ii) The average Olsen-P concentrations of soils of Zhengzhou City were30.2and21.8mg.kg-1in0-10and10-20cm layers, respectively. Accumulation of available phosphorus inthe topsoil in all land uses was observed. The average concentrations of Olsen-P in differentland uses ranked bus station> commercial center>community> street>park>industrial area.Positive correlations existed between Olsen-P concentrations and DTPA-Cu and–Ni (p<0.01),while those between Olsen-P and DTPA-Pb and–Zn were not significant (p>0.05).iii) Lead (0and500mg.kg-1) was applied in a sterile (S) and a fertile (F) soil andincubated for30days, then phosphate (0and1829mg.kg-1) was added and cultivated foranother105days. The results indicated that, Olsen-P concentrations of S and F soils amendedwith both Pb and phosphorus dropped5.65%and10.3%, respectively, compared with soilsonly amended with phosphorus, the DTPA-Pb concentrations dropped25.9%and42.8%,compared with soils amended only with Pb.iv) A sterile (S) and a fertile (F) soil were spiked with Pb at0and1000mg.kg-1, afterincubation, phosphate was added at0and1220mg.kg-1and incubated. The results indicated that, for the soils amended with both Pb and phosphorus, the DTPA-Pb concentrations of Ssoil was significantly higher than that of F soil (p<0.05), while for soils only amended with Pb,the DTPA-Pb concentrations of F soil was significantly higher than that of the S soil (p<0.05).For the control, soil amended only with Pb and those amended with both phosphorus and Pb,the difference of Ca2-P concentration between S and F soils was not significant (p>0.05). Forsoils amended only with phosphorus, the Ca2-P concentration of F soil was significantlyhigher than S soil (p<0.05). The Ca8-P concentrations of all the treatments and the controlwere significantly higher than those of the S soil (p<0.05).The results suggest that, the phosphorus availability and Ca8-P concentrations of fertilesoils are higher than those of sterile soils, the availability of Cu, Ni and phosphorus in urbansoils are affected by similar factors. The availability of phosphate decreases more readily insterile soils than in fertile soils, while the immobilization of phosphate of Pb in fertile soils ismore pronounced than in sterile soils.更多还原