城管形象的媒介建构分析

【作者】 李艳；

【导师】 杨军；

【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 ， 传播学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 随着城市化进程大不断演进,城市人口剧增的今大,流动小商贩这种经营模式严重影响着城市建设、城市环境卫生和城市形象。城管与摊贩间的冲突常常导致暴力执法与暴力抗法的现象,使得城管形象一落千丈,给执法带来压力。本文近5年的城管报道样本为依据,研究的重点是媒体如何塑造城管这一形象的,分析成因并提出建议,并希望对之后城管媒介形象的塑造做出贡献。本文旨在探讨我国媒体如何建构城管议题,城管报道还存在哪些问题与不足,媒体有没有担负起自己所应尽的社会责任,并提出改进建议。本研究对以《新京报》、《南方日报》为代表的报纸媒体的城管报道进行框架分析。首先,在宏观上梳理出不同类型报纸城管报道的框架特点,研究发现：《南方日报》显示出鲜明的党性色彩,城管报道在总体上显露出意识形态主导下的城管的制度建设框架,《南方日报》重点呈现的是城管的政策执行者形象和服务者形象；《新京报》是市场化思维主导下的直视城管困境议题框架。《新京报》在报道中呈现最多的是城管的暴力执法者形象。其次,本文在两报中选出了各自框架具有代表性的案例,和上海的“钓鱼执法案”作为个案研究。详细分析城管报道框架的形成过程。案例分析显示：新闻话语建构不会下意识地在文章中显示自己的偏见或者露骨的扭曲,而是通过各种诠释框架来建构城管这一媒介形象的。从整体上来说,两报为读者呈现的城管形象这一媒介现实是客观、中立的。由于新闻组织及其从业者、媒体定位、社会情境、消息来源、受众因素等多种原因使框架的中层存在一定的差异。再次,本文另辟一章,从认知主体、形象主体和环境因素三方面诠释城管形象危机的框架建构的深层原因。研究发现：在信息化的时代,大众传播媒介的发展受到认知主体、形象主体和环境因素的制约,同时也在改变着环境。这种互动体现了大众媒介构建媒介环境的功能。可见这三者在人们认识传播者媒介形象的过程中也具有十分重要的作用。最后,对城管报道存在的问题和本研究的不足和存在的问题进行反思。文章建议：城管报道框架的完善和优化,需要新闻媒体遵从新闻专业主义,在工作中保持客观报道的原则,平衡社会公正报道与娱乐化倾向。城管自身方面要形成形象危机管理,处理好城管组织与大众媒体的关系。在城管制度方面,要进一步建立健全城管的管理体系,具体明确城管的工作性质,在制度上有确切的法律保护与监督。同时注重提升受众素养,开展受众媒介素养教育具有长远意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of urbanization and population, nowadays traders’stall as a kind of illegal business model run by vagrants on public place have bad influence on city’s environment and management. For city inspectors’work and vendors’interest must be a contradiction, the conflict between them often results in violence against law enforcement. Making the city inspector’s image has plummeted. Bring pressure on law enforcement. In this paper, based on the samples of the inspector’s news reports among five years, it aims to explore news media how to shape the image of city inspector. Then analyze the cause and make recommendation. Hoping it can contribute to shaping better media image of the inspector.This paper intends to discuss how the media of our country to construct the topics for discussion on city inspector, what else of the matter and deficiencies there are in reports on city inspector, whether the media hold the responsibilities expected by the society, and also extends some suggestions for improvement. This paper tries to analyze the newspaper reports based on the frame theory by the methods of literature analysis, content analysis, and text analysis with the focus mainly on the Beijing news and the Nanfang Daily. First of all, the fame features of different kinds of newspaper well be list in a microscopic way. It has been found in this paper that Nanfang Daily shows a distinct party nature. The report frame is ideology-led framework for city inspector system construction, which mainly focus on showing the image of city inspector’s policy makers and service provider’s image. The Beijing news’report frame is market-oriented framework for looking into the plight of the inspector’s work, which mainly focus on showing the violence image.Secondly, in this paper, representative cases in each newspaper were selected, and special event named Shanghai entrapment event as a case study to analyze the process of framework construction in details. Case study shows that construction of news discourse is not "consciously" in which to generate evident bias or blatant distortions, but through a variety of interpretation of the framework to construct the medium image of the city inspector. As a whole, the two papers presented to the reader the medium image of the city inspector is objectively and neutrally. But news organizations and their practitioners, media orientation, social context, sources, audience and other factors that cause some differences in the middle level of the framework.In addition, I was explained the underlying causes of the city inspector’s identity crisis in three aspects the cognitive subject, the image of the subject and the environmental factors. Study found that in the information era, the development of mass media was restricted by the cognitive subject, the image of the subject and the environmental factors. At the same time they were also changing the environment. This interactive reflects the mass media’s features of building media environment, which shows that these three aspects in the image recognition process play a very important role.In conclusion, reflect on the inadequate and limitations of this study and offer a reference to future relevant study, this paper suggests that in order to optimize the framework of city inspector, we should develop vocational spirit of media practitioner. The inspector has to form the image of their own crisis management to handle the relationship with mass media. The city management system has to establish and improve the city management system so that the inspectors can get precise legal protection and monitoring. Then raise the qualities of audiences.更多还原