【作者】 刘涛；

【导师】 王福林；

【作者基本信息】 中国海洋大学 ， 农村与区域发展， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 中国作为世界上最大的发展中国家，拥有世界上最多的农业人口，换句话说拥有世界上最多的农村剩余劳动力资源。但目前我国的农村剩余劳动力的利用还存在很多问题；在社会主义新农村建设的新形势下,如何正确和科学的认识我国的农村剩余劳动力市场，如何以科学的态度评估我国的农村剩余劳动力资源，提高农村剩余劳动力资源的合理、有效配置，即是我国面临的重要问题，也是促进农村发展，解决“三农”问题的关键。在这里我们把农村剩余劳动力分为两种：一种是纯农村剩余劳动力，这部分人可以长期脱离农业生产而从事其他工作；另一种是由于我国农业机械、农业生产的现代化和便利化而导致农闲时间大量增多而出现的暂时性剩余劳动力，这部分农村剩余劳动力与纯农村剩余劳动力的区别在于他们不能长期脱离农业生产，在农忙时节必须返回到农业中来。如何解决纯农村剩余劳动力的就业问题以及暂时富余劳动力的空闲时间的就业问题成为我国面临的一个重要课题，同时也是增加农民收入，构建社会主义和谐社会的必然要求，农村剩余劳动力的就业问题解决的好坏直接关系到我国社会的安全和稳定。招远地区的农村近几年来有了很大发展，随着社会形势的变化，农村剩余劳动力转移开始出现一些新的现象，尤其是伴随社会主义新农村建设和土地流转政策的进一步完善和深入开展，农村剩余劳动力转移的供需都呈现出新的特点。本文结合招远市农村剩余劳动力市场的实际情况，对农村剩余劳动力的转移问题，尤其是针对招远地区社会主义新农村建设以来出现的新情况以及农村剩余劳动力市场出现的一些新现象进行了深入的分析，并就其存在的问题提出了寻求解决农村剩余劳动力转移的措施。促进农村剩余劳动力的转移不仅是农村剩余劳动力自身的需求，同时也是社会主义新农村建设的需求。在这样一个特殊的时代背景下，招远地区的农村剩余劳动力转移呈现出一些新特点，一部分农村剩余劳动力选择外出务工，而一部分外出的农村剩余劳动力选择返乡，一部分新生劳动力成为农村剩余劳动力，并逐渐成为这部分剩余劳动力的主体，他们与前一代农村剩余劳动力有着不同的特质和追求。大量农闲时候赋闲的农村剩余劳动力涌现，并且希望在闲暇时可以有工作，但是又不能长期脱离土地。本文就是通过借鉴以往我国农村剩余劳动力转移方面的经验，引用农村剩余劳动力转移方面的理论和劳动力转移模型，结合当前我国和世界经济发展的形势以及农村剩余劳动力市场出现的新的特点和时代背景，在深入分析招远地区农村剩余劳动力转移过程中出现的新特点前提下，运用实地考察与访谈的方法、文献综述的研究方法、理论和实证相结合的研究方法、定性分析和定量分析相结合的方法对目前招远地区农村剩余劳动力转移的现状和存在的问题进行分析，并在此基础上提出解决目前农村剩余劳动力转移中存在问题的建议和措施，得出解决目前农村剩余劳动力转移中存在问题的一套切实可行的方案，尤其是通过建立一个适应目前形势需要的农村剩余劳动力转移的平台，促进农村剩余劳动力的转移。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the largest developing country in the world, China has the largest agriculturalpopulation on earth, in other words, China owns the largest surplus rural laborresources in the word. However, there are still many a problems in utilizing the rurallabors. The critical considerations China faces and the keys to promote ruraldevelopment and to solve three rural issues are how to under stand the nation’s rurallabor market correctly and scientifically, and how to evaluate the national surplusrural labor resources with a scientific attitude to achieve resources rational allocation.This essay divides the surplus rural resources into two types: one is pure andpermanent surplus rural labors who can occupy themselves in other business insteadof agricultural productions for a long period of time; the other is temporary ones, theemergence of whom results from the growing slack time brought by agriculturalmachinery, the modernization and facilitation of agricultural production. Thedifference between the two types is the later ones have to come back into agriculturalproduction during busy farming seasons. As a result, solving their employmentproblems is a challenge for China, and a urgent requirement to increase their incomeand to build a harmonious socialist society. That the rural labors’ employmentproblems are solved or not has an overall impact on the nation’s social stability.In recent years, there have been various significant changes in rural areas ofZhaoyuan, and some new phenomenon, for example the change in the supply anddemand in rural labor market, has come into being, especially with theestablishment of the new socialist countryside and the improvement and furtherimplementation of the rural land circulation policy. Combing with the concretesituation in rural labor market of Zhaoyuan, and especially with the new phenomenonin surplus rural labor market since the establishment of the new socialist countryside,this essay thoroughly analyses the issues of surplus rural labor transfer, in hoping offinding solutions for surplus rural labor transfer. Transferring surplus rural labor is not only the requirement of the rural labors themselves, but also the requirement of theestablishment of the new socialist society. Under this special background, newfeatures occurs in the transfer of surplus rural labor of Zhaoyuan, some becomemigrant workers, while some migrant workers tend to come back to hometown.Some labors of new generation who have completely different pursuit of lifefrom the last generation, have gradually become the main part of the surplus rurallabor. There are large numbers of rural labors during slack faring time, who areexpecting jobs and could not throw off their lands permanently.Referring to the experiences China has gained in transferring surplus rural labors,quoting the related theories and models of transferring surplus rural labors, andcombining with the economic performance both at home and abroad and the newfeatures, especially that of Zhaoyuan’s in surplus rural labor market, this essayanalyses the status quo and the existing problems in surplus rural labor transfer ofZhaoyuian, by means of field visit and interview, literature review, theoretical andempirical theory, qualitative and quantitative analysis theory. And then the essay provide feasiblesuggestions for the above problems, one of which is to build a platform suitable for the currentsituation of surplus rural labor transfer in order to promote surplus rural labor.更多还原