【作者】 王兰；

【导师】 胡兴旺；

【作者基本信息】 四川师范大学 ， 发展与教育心理学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 顺序效应(order effect)是指刺激呈现的顺序影响人们判断的现象。首因效应和近因都属于顺序效应。首因效应(primacy effect),总的来说,是指最先呈现的信息比之后出现的信息对个体(认知印象、决策、记忆等)影响更大。近因效应(recency effect)与首因效应相反,指最后呈现的信息比之前出现的信息对个体的影响更大。在我们大量的社会活动中,对于大学生来说,在学习过程中会受多种因素的影响,进而影响大学生的知识的构建和认知判断。为能给大学生提供一个良好的学术环境,是非常有必要对大学生学习中的顺序效应进行探讨。通过综合多年国外的研究结果,发现影响顺序效应的多种因素：任务性质和要求,个体心理因素和记忆特点等。根据实际的需求和顺序效应的发展趋势,本研究聚焦在排列顺序和时间间隔两个因素方面。研究通过两个实验深入探讨了排列顺序和时间间隔对顺序效应产生的作用和影响。随机选择被试一共225人,采用两个因素被试问随机实验设计：自变量1为排列顺序,在实验中包括两个水平：A→B,B→A(A、B为两个对立的理论),因此分别对应两个实验处理组。自变量2为时间间隔(一周),也有两个水平：有或无,也对应两个实验处理组,因变量为被试的观点选择倾向。归纳得出以下的结论：(1)两种对立理论的不同信息排列顺序上,并且无时间间隔,学生的观点倾向选择不存在顺序效应。即学生认知选择不受排列顺序的影响。(2)在不同的排列顺序下,在学习两种理论中加入时间间隔(一周)后,学生的观点倾向选择差异显著。学生更倾向于选择最后阅读的理论,出现近因效应。更多还原

【Abstract】 Order effect is a kind of phenomenon that the sequences of stimulating influences people’s judgment. It’s including two forms:primacy effect and recency effect. Primacy effect means that the information presented first has greater effects than the information presented later on person’s impression, decision, and memory etc. On the contrary, recency effect means that the information presented last has stronger impact on people than the information presented before. In our complicated social activities, undergraduates are affected by many factors during college learning. What’s more, these factors will influence students’construction of knowledge and cognition judgment. To offer a better academic environment for the college students, it’s necessary to research the order effect in the process of learning. According to the research results abroad, there are various factors that influence the order effect. They are the nature of a task and the requirement of a task, individual psychological factors and the characteristic of memory etc. This paper focuses on the sequence and interval of time.This paper will use two experiments to investigate influences that the two factors produce. The subjects (N=225) are selected randomly. Every student joined in one experimental treatment. The sequence is independent variable1, including two levels:A→B, B→A. A and B are two conflicting theories. Therefore, there are two experimental treatments for each theory. Another independent variable is interval of time (7days). It is including two levels:presence and absence. It also has two experimental treatments. Lastly the dependent is viewpoint of subjects. Conclusions drawn from the studying are:(1)There is no sequence effect in students’choice when the two conflicting theories are in different information sequence and no time interval exists.(2)There is significant difference in students’choices when adding time interval (one week). Moreover, in different sequences with time interval, students incline to the theory that is read latest and the recency effect happens.更多还原