【作者】 任际周；

【导师】 庹先国；

【作者基本信息】 成都理工大学 ， 信号与信息处理， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 随着人类社会的快速发展，人类改造自然的能力得到很大程度的提高，步伐也在逐步的加快。经济的高速发展也为各国重大工程的开展提供了必不可少的经济基础，交通、国防事业及重大水利工程等项目的开展不可避免地会涉及到山地、边坡的开挖，此外，山区人民的日常活动也会破坏岩体固有的稳定性，由此所引发的滑坡、泥石流等次生灾害每年给全球人民造成的重大生命和财产损失。历史的惨痛教训和社会发展的迫切需求，迫切需要一种滑坡、泥石流等重大自然灾害的监测预警设备，能够实时监测和掌握崩滑体的演变过程细节，及时捕获崩滑灾害的特征信息，为崩塌滑坡体的正确评价分析、预防预报及工程治理等提供可靠研究资料和科学依据，为人们的生命和财产安全提供可靠保障。另外，监测结果也是检验崩塌滑坡分析评价及滑坡治理工程效果的尺度。通过监测可掌握崩塌、滑坡的变形特征及规律，预测预报崩滑体的边界条件、规模、滑动方向、失稳方式、发生时间及危害性,及时采取防灾措施,尽量避免和减轻灾害损失。滑坡体临滑监测既是滑坡体临滑调查、研究和防治工程的重要组成部分，又是滑坡地质灾害预测预报信息获取的一种有效手段。通过监测可掌握滑坡、崩塌的变形特征及规律，预测预报滑坡体临滑的边界条件、规模、滑动方向、失稳方式、发生时间及危害性，及时采取防灾措施，尽量避免和减轻滑坡灾害损失。本论文主要完成的研究工作和取得研究成果如下：1、滑坡声波特性研究对正在变形的典型滑坡体临滑的声波特性进行采集与探测，分析总结滑坡体不同变形阶段的声波信号的特性与规律，总结出滑坡体临滑阶段由于岩石断裂和摩擦产生的声波主要集中在次声波部分（2~15Hz）。2、系统方案研究通过系统方案设计研究，选择了能采集次声和声波的压力场传感器、设计了声波信息的采集和信号的处理电路、自动化监测预警系统方案，成功开发了地质灾害声波监测系统，完成了滑坡临滑声波的信息采集。3、系统硬件、软件研究通过系统硬件、软件设计研究，实现了：（1）滑坡临滑声波的信息采集利用滑坡体临滑时岩石断裂和摩擦产生的声波信息进行滑坡监测，可以及时得到滑坡体临滑前期的先兆信息。滑坡临滑声波监测系统的传感器选定为丹麦B&K公司的压力场声波传感器，其频率响应范围为0.1Hz~20kHz，灵敏度为12.5mV/Pa。（2）声波信号的模拟和数字处理本系统主要由信号采集部分和数据处理部分两个部分组成。信号采集将滑坡体临滑时岩石断裂和摩擦产生的声波信号采集并传输，数据处理部分对采集的信号进行谱分析以及有效信号提取，从而为滑坡声波特性以及分辨奠定基础。（3）滑坡声波特性研究对正在变形的典型滑坡的声波特性进行采集与探测，分析总结滑坡体不同变形阶段的声波信号的特性与规律（4）滑坡临滑声波波形的预警模型的建立针对滑坡实例中所采集到的各类型滑坡实例的声波信息，建立滑坡临滑状态预警模型，为滑坡灾害临滑自动预警设备的完善提供模型支持。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of human society, the ability to transform nature is greatlyimproved, at the same time, the pace gradually accelerate. Essential economic base ofthe national major projects have been provided by the development of economic in thewhole world. At present, many of the projects we carried out will inevitably related tothe mountain and slope excavation, such as transportation, national defense, utilities,major water conservancy projects, and so on. In addition, rock’s inherent stabilitywould be destroyed by the day-to-day activities of people in the mountain. Thustriggered secondary disasters such as landslides, mudslides caused significant life andproperty damage each year to the people of the world. It is in urgent need of anequipment monitoring of landslides, mudslides and other natural disasters, due to theurgent needs of the painful lessons of history and social development,to understand andmaster the evolution of the sliding masses in real time,timely to capture ofslump-feature information of the disaster,to provide reliable information and scientificbasis for the correct analysis and the evaluation of the collapse of the landslide,forecasting and control projects,and to provide a reliable guarantee for the people oflife and property safety. At the same time, the monitoring result also is the collapse ofthe scale of the analysis and evaluation of landslide and landslide control effect. Bymonitoring the deformation characteristics and laws of the controllable collapse andlandslide, predictive forecasting the boundary conditions of the slumped mass, scale,sliding direction, failure modes, time of occurrence and harmfulness, to take disasterprevention measures to prevent and reduce disaster losses.Landslide Pro slip monitoring not only include landslide Pro slip survey, animportant part of the research and preventive treatment project,but also an effective means of access to the landslide disaster forecasting information. By monitoringmastered landslide, collapse deformation characteristics and the law, forecasting andPrediction landslide Pro slip boundary condition, size, sliding direction, failure modes,occurrence time and harmfulness, then take timely prevention measures to avoid andmitigate landslide disaster losses.This paper mainly completed research work and research achievements are asfollows:1. The study of the landslide acoustic characteristics.Collect and detect metamorphosis typical landslide Pro slip sonic characteristics,analyze and summarize the characteristics and laws of the acoustic signals of differentdeformation stage of the landslide,summed up the conclusion that sound wavesgenerated by the landslide Pro slip stage of rock fracture and friction are mainlyconcentrated in the acoustic part (2~15Hz).2. Design of system programAccording to the study of the system design, selected the pressure field to collectinfrasound and acoustic sensors,designed acoustic information collection and signalprocessing circuit, automated monitoring and early warning system program,andsuccessfully developed the CUT-8000geological disasters acoustic monitoring system,completed the acquisition of the landslide acoustic information.3. Study of system hardware and softwareThrough the system hardware, software design, achieved:(1) Landslide acoustic information collection.The use of sound waves generated by the landslide Pro slippery rock fracture andfriction for landslide monitoring, the landslide Pro slip early harbinger of informationin a timely manner. The landslide acoustic monitoring system sensor selected forDenmark B&K pressure field of acoustic sensors, the frequency response range of0.1Hz~20k Hz, sensitivity12.5mV/Pa.(2) Analog and digital processing of acoustic signalsThis system mainly consists of signal acquisition and data processing part of thetwo components.The signal acquisition is the acquisition and transmission of acousticsignals generated by the landslide Pro slippery rock fracture and friction. Dataprocessing part of the acquisition of the signal spectral analysis and the effectivesignal extraction, and thus lay the foundation for the landslide acoustic characteristicsand distinguish. (3) The study of landslide acoustic characteristics.To collect and detect the deformation of a typical landslide acoustic features,analyze and summarize the characteristics and laws of the acoustic signals of differentdeformation stage of the landslide.(4) The establishment of early warning model of the landslide acousticwaveform.According to the landslide instance of the various types of acoustic informationcollected,to establish the landslide acoustic waveform of the early warning model, toprovide technical assurance for landslide hazard Pro slip the perfection of theautomatic warning devices.更多还原