【作者】 张志刚；

【导师】 李碧虹；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 专门史， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 梅贻琦和赫钦斯都是享誉世界的大教育家，他们所处的年代相近，都曾担任名校的校长，并且在任职期间推行了较大的改革措施，促使各自高校蓬勃发展。在他们所处的时代，各自国家都面临着政治经济文化上的大震动，人们的传统思维观念随之发生了翻天覆地的变化。这种变化给高等教育带来了深刻的影响，以往的教育模式受到了冲击。在混乱中，我国新式高等教育迅速发展。而美国的高等教育在新旧观念中徘徊。有着相似家庭背景、学习经历和工作历程的两位大师都是在两所大学面临困境的时候被推荐当选为校长。两人都对“大学是什么”、“大学的职能”、“大学人才培养观”、“大学人才培养方式”等高等教育思想进行了论述。在诸多方面，他们的观点不谋而合，都认为大学应该是独立的社会机构，是研究学术、传承文化的场所。同时他们都推崇通识教育，并认为大学应该培养全面发展的人才。通过文献分析，两人之间存在着相互影响的可能性，但是这种影响不是来自于某个具体的人，更多的是当时的一种思潮，中国的仁人志士向西方探求救国救民道路的一种历程。虽然在年龄上看，梅贻琦比赫钦斯大些，但是从赫钦斯著作的系统性以及他们的教育措施看，梅贻琦受赫钦斯的影响更多。根据各自教育思想，梅贻琦和赫钦斯两人都从院系调整、课程改革、教师管理、制度建设等方面进行了改革。在实施过程中，两人都遇到阻力，但是赫钦斯遇到的阻力更大。尽管遇到了各种问题，但是二人力排万难，各自的改革都取得了卓越的成效，成为各自学校建设史上赫赫有名的领导者，而且还深深影响了各自国家高等教育发展的进程。但是由于两人所处环境的差异，各自的改革带上了独特的文化烙印。梅贻琦尊重了中国儒学传统，在西方文明与古典学说间力求一种平衡，他的改革措施以及相关高等教育思想的描述无一不浸染着孔孟之道。而赫钦斯的教育思想更加的激进，完全排斥高等教育的社会服务功能，教育措施过于理想化，这也是西方学者的显著特点之一。梅贻琦和赫钦斯的高等教育思想以及改革措施，都对中美高等教育发展带来重大影响，不过，梅贻琦的教育思想及改革对中国高等教育发展意义更加深远，而赫钦斯的教育思想及改革则在地域上影响范围更大。更多还原

【Abstract】 Mei yiqi and Hutchins are world-famous great educationists, they lived in thesimilar period. Both of them served as presidents in eminet universities, and theyimplement reform measures in their tenures. Those measures make the universitesdevelop vigorously. In their period, with the huge changes in the fields of politics,economy, culture in China and American, people’s traditional ideas transformedgreatly. The changes influenced higher education deeply, the traditional educationmode was shocked. In the confusion, the new higher education in China made rapidprogress, nevertheless the higher education in American hesitated between old andnew ideas.The two masters’ family background, learning and work experience aresimilar.They were recommended as presidents when their universities were on thehorns of a dilemma. Both of them discussed the thoughts about higher educationsuch as ‘what is university’,‘the function of university’,‘the idea of cultivation inuniversity’,‘the mode of cultivation in university’. In many respects, their viewswere perfectly in harmony without previous consultation. They both thought thatuniversity should be an independent social institution, where people did academicresearch and promoted culture. They praised general education highly, and reckonedthat university should cultivate students in an all-around way.Through the analysis of documents, there is a possibility that MeiYiqi andHuthchins had mutual influences, but those weren’t come from a specific person. Toa great extent, it depends on the ideological trend at the time——people withlong-term perspective in China turned to western to develop our nation. Though Meiwas older than Huthchins, Mei was deeply affected by H in terms of his systematicworks and the educational measures he had taken.According to their own educational thought, Mei and Huthchins effected reformfrom substantial reorganization, curriculum reform, teachers’ management, systemconstruction and other aspects. In the process of implementation, both met resistance,but Huthins met bigger. Despite all sorts of difficulties, however, both of the twopeople overcomed them and made remarkable achievements on their reforms,affecting deeply on the process of national higher education development, andfinally they became famous leaders on each school’s construction history. Nevertheless, their reform remarked unique cultural identities due to theenvironmental differences between those two persons. Mei respected the tranditionalConfucianism, he spared no effort to seek the balance between western culture andchinese tradition. Mei’s reform measures embodied the idea from Confucius andMencius. By contrast, Huthchins’ measures were more radical, he thought thatuniversity should refuse the function of servicing society absolutely. Those measureswere idealizations. It was one of the distinct character on western scholar.MeiYiqi and Huthchins’s higher education idea and reform measures influencedthe development of both countries. All in all, Mei’s idea and mesures more likelyaffected Chinese higher education, however, Huthchins’s had a larger impact inworldwide.更多还原