【作者】 李震；

【导师】 徐玉新；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 农业推广， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 目前，国内关于饲用抗生素的替代品的研究，主要局限于其种类综述和发展方向以及实验室内抑菌物质的分离纯化和性质研究。在传统微生态制剂的基础上，突出抑菌型微生态制剂的抗菌性能，使微生态制剂替代常规饲用抗生素成为可能，将中国的微生态制剂行业理念提升到新的高度。本课题旨在筛选抑菌活性高的乳酸菌菌株和芽孢杆菌菌株，对其代谢产物抑菌效果和抑菌谱进行研究，对抑菌谱不同的芽孢杆菌和乳酸菌进行复配，并试验其在动物上的应用效果，为今后的工业化开发奠定基础。主要研究结论如下：（1）枯草芽孢杆菌B7348对不同致病菌的抑菌效果与N9、纳豆、地衣、冷1#等菌株相比较明显，也最稳定，抑菌谱最广，抑菌效果最佳。冷1＃、N9的抑菌效果明显，但不稳定；地衣抑制金黄色葡萄球菌的效果明显，但也弱于枯草芽孢杆菌B7348。（2）在乳酸菌抑菌效果试验中，植物乳杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌对致病菌均表现了良好的抑制作用，其中对革兰氏阴性菌的抑制更为突出。而且其对芽孢杆菌的抑制最弱，这对植物乳杆菌与芽孢杆菌的复配提供了优势。而且植物乳杆菌的酸耐受能力最强，对胆盐也有一定的耐受能力。（3）通过SDS-PAGE方法进行分析，芽孢杆菌B7348和植物乳杆菌LP-11均能分泌出活性小肽，该类物质对致病菌具有明显的抑制效果。（4）我们将芽孢杆菌B7348和植物乳杆菌LP-11两种菌添加到海兰褐雏公鸡的日常饲喂饲料中，对该两种菌株的安全性进行了检验。结果发现，饲喂添加细菌组与对照组相比，没有发现异常，而且试验动物的增重率均高于对照组。（5）通过试验，在肉鸡的日粮中添加B7348和乳酸菌LP-11能够明显缓解因沙门氏菌感染引起的肉鸡下痢症状。与饲用抗生素比较，使用两株益生菌及其代谢产物，在提高机体抵抗力，减少发病率等方面，已经达到和超过饲用抗生素的效果。对动物后期恢复效果尤其明显。而且在饲料转化方面，微生态制剂有着抗生素无法比拟的天然优势。更多还原

【Abstract】 Now, The study about substitutes for antibiotic in feed is limitted in types summaries,developmentdirections, seperation and purification and quality of Antibacterial material in lab. On the basis oftraditional probiotics, protruding antisepsis ability of antibacterial type probiotics makes it possible forprobiotics to replace the conventional forage antibiotics, It will absolutely upgrade concepts of probioticsof china industy to a higher level.This topic aims to sift lactic acid bacteria strains and bacillus strains with high activities of bacteriaresistance, we also study the effects of their metabolic product on bacteria resistance and antibacterialspectrum. Also we will match the bacillus and lactic acid bacteria which have different antibacterialspectrums. And we will detect their effects on animals to lay a foundation for industrializationdevelopment. The main research conclusions are as follows:(1) Compared with N9, Bacillus natto, Bacillus Licheniformis, cold1#, Bacillus subtilis B7348had amore evident and stable antibiotic effect on different kinds of bacteria., and it had an extensive antibioticspectrum. The antibacterial effect of cold1#and N9were obvious but not stable, the effect of BacillusLicheniformis restraining Staphylococcus aureus was obvious but weaker than the Bacillus subtilis B7348.(2) In the test of bacteriostatic effect about Lactic acid bacteria, Both Lactobacillus plantarum andLactobacillus acidophilus had fine antibiotic effects, and the effect on gram-negative bacteria wasextremely obvious. The effects on bacillus was the weakest. And this provided advantage to matchLactobacillus plantarum and bacillus. We also found that the ability of Lactobacillus plantarum to resistacid was the strongest, and was also resistant to bile salt in some extent.(3) Through the analysis of SDS-PAGE, Both Bacillus B7348and lactobacillus plantarum LP-11 could secrete small activated peptides, This kind of peptides had the obvious inhibition effect onpathogenic bacteria.(4)We added Bacillus B7348and lactobacillus plantarum LP-11into the daily feed of cheeper roostersnamed Hailanhe, and examined the safty of both bacterial strains. We found that there were no abnormalphenomenon in the feed group and control group. But compared with the control group,the feed group hada high level of weight increase.(5) Through the experiment, we found B7348and lactic acid bacteria LP-11in daily feed couldobviously mitigate diarrhea caused by salmonella infection. compared with the antibiotics, these twoprobiotics and their metabolic production had the same effects as antibiotic on improving body immunityand reducing morbidity, especially on the recovery ability of animals. and in the food conversion,Probiotics had a natural advantage than the antibiotics.更多还原