【作者】 王冰；

【导师】 黄理辉；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 环境工程， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以多年生水生植物再力花为原料,采用磷酸活化法制得比表面积高、吸附效果好的活性炭；并且采用硫代硫酸钠对再力炭进行改性,分析研究了改性过程对活性炭表面性质及吸附性能的影响,确定最佳改性条件,并深入研究再力炭及改性炭对抗生素废水、重金属废水的吸附机理；采用微波加热法对吸附饱和活性炭进行再生,对其再生吸附能力进行研究。活性炭制备的工艺条件为：H3P04溶液质量分数为40%,固液质量比2：1,超声浸渍时间20min,活化温度500℃,活化时间1h。制备出的活性炭表面粗糙不平,分布着大量孔道,呈现不规则多孔结构；比表面积高达938.28m2/g；活性炭表面存在一些功能基团,羧基是主要含氧官能团。吸附实验结果表明,再力炭对链霉素和铅离子的吸附量可达170和68mg/g,吸附效果较好。采用硫代硫酸钠进行改性后,改性炭的比表面积、所含元素发生变化,吸附能力有明显的提升,最佳改性条件下,链霉素和铅离子的吸附量分别为240和130mg/g,优于再力炭。溶液pH对改性炭的影响较大,去除率随pH的升高而增大,而对再力炭影响很小。伪二级动力学模型可以很好的反映再力炭、改性炭对两种污染物的吸附过程,吸附速度开始由外膜扩散控制,而在后期,内扩散起决定作用。Langmuir等温方程比Freundlich等温方程更适合描述活性炭对链霉素的吸附热力学特性,且吸附是自发的,对链霉素吸附过程是吸热的。微波加热可以迅速有效的实现活性炭的再生,并且很好的恢复其吸附能力。更多还原

【Abstract】 A Low-cost and effective activated carbon was prepared from Thalia dealbata by phosphoric acid activation. Its ability to remove the antibiotics, and heavy metals were evaluated. The effects of experimental parameters such as pH, ionic strength, initial concentration, contact time and temperature on the adsorption were investigated. The adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics were also discussed. Microwave-assitant regeneration studies were examined in further elucidating the mechanism of adsorption and the feasibility of regenerating the spent activated carbon.The preparation condition of TLAC was at a H3PO4concentration of40%, an impregnation ratio of2:1, an impregnation time of20min, an activated temperature of500℃and an activated time of1h. The adsorbent appeared to have a coarse porous surface with irregular pores and is an amorphous structure. The surface area of TLAC was found to be938.28m2/g. There were many founctional groups on the surface such as:carboxylic, phenolic, lactonic and carbonnylic, acidic groups were more than basic ones and carboxylic was the main group. And the results showed that TLAC has a high capacity for streptomycin and Pb(II),170and68mg/g.Modification by sodium thiosulphate changed the surface area and element portion of TLAC, and promoted its adsorption ability. Compared with TLAC, the adsorption capacity of TLAC-ST was very high240and130mg/g. The adsorption on TLAC-ST was highly pH dependent and the removal efficiency of streptomycin was increased with increasion in initial pH, while the TLAC was not. The adsorption kinetics was found to be best represented by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The mechanism of the adsorption process was determined from the intraparticle diffusion model. The equilibrium adsorption data was well described by the Langmuir model. Thermodynamic study showed that the adsorption was a spontaneous process. It was an endothermic process for streptomycin. And the result indicated that microwave-asistant regeneration is an effective way to restore the adsorption capacity ofTLAC.更多还原