【作者】 张艳丽；

【导师】 丁杰；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 法律， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 证据契约是在案件事实查明领域的诉讼契约,是指当事人在诉讼前或者诉讼中对案件涉及的证据的采集、运用等环节进行约定,以影响法官对案件事实的认定,试图产生具有诉讼法意义的效果的合意。证据契约体现了公私法互相融合的趋势,其实施有利于诉讼效率的提高和诉讼民主的实现。我国现行证据契约的立法主要散见于《民事诉讼法》和《民事诉讼证据规定》,理论基础的缺乏和立法的散乱反映出我国证据契约研究领域存在的缺陷。本文主要从大陆法系关于证据契约的理论入手,以公私法互相融合为背景,结合国外的理论及实践,探寻证据契约与我国传统法律文化的契合点,力求为我国建立证据契约制度寻找国内外理论和实践的支撑。在构建我国证据契约制度的具体操作中,本文力图从法院与当事人在订立证据契约过程中的权利范围的界限划分入手,使证据契约能够在法院的指导下,体现当事人的意思自治和处分权。建立起符合我国实际的法院指导监督下的证据契约制度,而不是照搬国外制度,建立完全自由开放的证据契约制度。第一部分,主要是证据契约的概述。证据契约是诉讼契约的一种,因此,本文从诉讼契约的概念入手,结合大陆法系的规定和英美法系的类似制度,并参考我国台湾地区和大陆学者的观点,提出证据契约的概念。同时,在第一部分中,本文理顺了证据契约产生与发展的历史,从历史上各国对证据契约的立法态度中发现将证据契约存在的合理性。将证据契约引入民事诉讼领域的合理性分析主要是从国外相关立法、诉讼法的两栖性两方面进行了分析。第二部分,主要介绍了证据契约的理论基础。本文主要从当事人主义诉讼模式、处分权、意思自治、公法行为契约化以及我国传统的“无讼”思想五个方面进行了分析。当事人主义诉讼模式旨在尊重当事人的诉讼主体地位,发挥当事人影响案件审理、判决的作用,而法院在诉讼过程中只是充当消极的第三方。处分权原则,是当事人对其程序权利以及实体权利的处分,是当事人达成证据契约处分自身权利的基础。契约自由是意思自治的核心,民法中的意思自治原则为证据契约制度的建立提供了理论支撑。证据契约的建立也符合公私法互相融合的趋势。我国传统法律思想中的“无讼”理念,为证据契约在我国的建立提供了本土文化基础,二者体现了减少社会矛盾、促进社会和谐的理想。第三部分,是对证据契约价值的研究。证据契约有其巨大的积极价值,同时也不可避免的带有消极影响。证据契约的积极价值主要体现在实现司法公正、提高诉讼效率、实现诉讼民主化三个方面。达成证据契约的基础是当事人的自愿。当事人对其自愿选择的结果有更强的预见性和可接受性,因此使判决结果更容易被当事人接受和执行。当事人对证据的采集、运用和举证责任分配达成契约,可以减少证明环节,缩短诉讼周期,提高诉讼效率。同时,证据契约作为当事人自愿、自主、自由的选择,体现了当事人的程序参与,有利于实现司法民主。当然,证据契约也存在可能被当事人滥用,妨碍法官的自由心证,甚至动摇诉讼法的公法属性。第四部分,是对证据契约分类和效力的探讨。本文结合理论界关于诉讼行为属性的学说,对证据契约的法律属性进行了界定。同时,综合国内外对证据契约分类的不同观点,提出了自己对证据契约分类的主张。在该部分中,本文从证据契约的成立、生效、以及效力范围方面对证据契约的法律效力进行了探讨。第五部分,是我国建立证据契约制度的构想。该部分从我国建立证据契约的必要性以及建立证据契约存在的理论和实践障碍出发,结合前面四部分的分析,并参考域外证据契约立法,提出了我国建立证据契约制度的建议。在具体的制度构建过程中,提出了证据契约制度的规则,即应当建立在当事人主义诉讼模式基础上,并以既定的诉讼程序和当事人的诉讼权利义务为基础,不违背法律的禁止性规定和社会公共利益,由当事人自愿达成。法院和当事人权利划分,主要体现在证据契约不应当妨碍法官自由心证的行使,而且,当事人达成的证据契约要得到法院的认可。同时,要完善配套制度,明确法官的告知义务、完善律师制度,保障证据契约制度的建立。更多还原

【Abstract】 Evidentiary contract is one kind of litigation contract in the areas of identified of the facts, it refers to the two parties involved in the case of evidence collection, and use in the pre-litigation or litigation agreement, in order to influence the judge of the facts, trying to produce the effect of the procedural law meaning consensual. The evidentiary contract reflects the trend of convergence of public and private law and benefits to improve the effectiveness of the proceedings and litigation democracy.The current evidentiary contract legislation of our country are scattered throughout the Civil Procedure Act and the Provisions of Evidence in Civil Proceedings. The lack of theoretical foundation and legislation of the scattered evidentiary contract exist in the field defect. In this paper, the theory of the evidentiary contract starts from the civil law, on the background of integration between public and private law. It tries to explore the meeting point of evidentiary contract with China’s traditional legal culture, and strives to find the support of the theory and practice to establish evidentiary contract both at home and abroad for our country, combined with the theory and practice of foreign countries. In the specific operation to build evidentiary contract system in China, this paper seeks to the boundaries of the scope of the rights from the court and the parties entered into evidentiary contract. The evidentiary contract reflects the autonomy and the disposition of the parties under the guidance of the court. The aim of the paper is establishing the evidentiary contract under the supervision of the actual court, instead of copying foreign systems of establishing of a fully free and open evidentiary contract system.The first part is the overview of the evidentiary contract. This paper starts from the concept of litigation contract which combined with a similar system in the provisions of civil law and common law, and with reference to Taiwan and mainland scholars’ viewpoints, to put forward the concept of evidentiary contract. Meanwhile, the first part of this article rationalizes the evidentiary contract arising from the history of the development and reasonable evidentiary contract from the history attitude to the evidentiary contract legislation. The rational analysis of introduction of the evidentiary contract to the civil litigation field is mainly from relevant legislation and the amphibious of rational analysis.The second part introduces the theoretical basis of the evidentiary contract from five aspects of the mode of adversary proceedings, the contractlization of power, the right of disposition, the autonomy, and the idea of "no suits" in the ancient time of our country. Adversary litigation model is designed with respect for the subject of litigation status which the two parties can affect the trial. The judgment and the court just play the role as a passive third party in the litigation process. The disposition of the principle is the disposition of the two parties’ procedural rights and substantive rights. It is the basis for the evidentiary contract. Freedom of contract is the core of autonomy. Moreover, the autonomy principle in civil law provides a theoretical support for the establishment of evidentiary contract system. The establishment of evidentiary contract accords with the trend of convergence of public and private law. The concept of "no suits" in the traditional legal thinking provides the local culture basis for the evidentiary contract, which reflects the reduction in social conflicts and the ideal of social harmony.The third part is the value of the evidentiary contract. Evidentiary contract have tremendous positive value, but it is inevitable with negative impact. The positive value of the evidentiary contract is mainly reflected in three aspects of the equity of justice, the efficiency of proceedings and the litigation democratization. The basis of the evidentiary contract is the free will of the two parties. Because the parties have greater predictability and acceptability for their choice, the verdict and the implementation are easier to be accepted by the parties. The contract of the collection and use of evidence, as well as the burden of proof allocation can shorten the cycle of litigation. At the same time, free will of the contract is conducive to the realization of judicial democracy. Of course, the abuse of the evidentiary contract may impede the judge’s free evaluation of evidence, or even shaken the public law property of the procedural law.The fourth part mainly expounds the classification and effectiveness of evidentiary contract. This section defines the property of the evidentiary contract, combined with the theoretical circles on the doctrine. Meanwhile, I put forward my own claims on contract classification of evidence joined the different points of view both at home and abroad. This section discusses the contract from the establishment of the contract, the entry into force, as well as the scope of their legal effect.The fifth part is the idea to establish evidentiary contract system in China. This section analyses the necessity of establish evidentiary contract and the obstacles both in the theory and practice. This section puts forward the proposal to establish evidentiary contract system in China through combing with the first four parts of the analysis and the extra-territorial legislation. In the system build process, the evidence rules of the contract system should be established on the basis of the adversary litigation mode and on the established proceedings and litigation rights and obligations of the parties. It should don’t violate the prohibition provisions of the law or the social and public interests. The right division between court and the parties mainly reflected in the provision that the evidentiary contract should not prevent the exercise of the free evaluation of evidence and the evidentiary contract should reach the court acknowledgement. At the same time, it is necessary to improve the supporting systems, such as the judge’s obligation of inform and the legal system to protect the establishment of evidentiary contract system.更多还原