【作者】 赵霞；

【导师】 生文；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 委婉语是一种普遍的语言现象,是日常交际中改善交际效果、维持和谐人际关系的重要手段。随着人类文明快速发展和跨文化交际日益增多,委婉语更是发挥了其不可或缺的作用,成为交际语言中一道亮丽的风景线。对于英语学习者来说,能熟练使用母语委婉语并非难事,但能否准确流畅地表达英语委婉语就值得探究了。本文从语用学角度对大学英语专业学生英语委婉语的习得情况进行深入分析研究,总结出存在的问题并尝试性地提出了解决方案。研究者将77名山东大学外国语学院英语专业大三学生作为研究对象；将38名来自以英语为官方语言国家的留学生作为参照对象,通过回答问卷的方式,采用定性和定量相结合的方法研究分析了英语专业学生英语委婉语的习得情况。问卷共分为五个部分。第一部分调查了跨文化交流中学生们使用英语委婉语频率、原因及需要使用委婉语的词类；第二部分和第三部分探究了学生理解和判断识别委婉语的基本情况。每部分十道小题,词类均取自刘纯豹和Neaman和Silver编写的词典中常见的10类委婉语词汇。第四和第五部分设计参照“语篇补全测试”(DCT)模板,并根据研究的需要进行适当地修改,使问卷中的问题更符合日常生活中真实的交际场景。本研究以Brown和Levinson的“面子保全论”为理论依据,将威胁听话者面子,需要使用委婉语的场景分成了请求,建议,批评,拒绝四类。其中第四部分是选择题,第五部分是开放式问答题。研究者将英语专业学生和留学生的答案根据Brown和Levinson在“面子保全论”中提出的礼貌补救策略进行分类和对比分析。问卷调查的统计结果分析显示：1)英语专业学生在英语委婉语的理解和识别方面表现尚可；2)英语专业学生使用英语委婉语的频率远远低于留学生；3)在请求行为中,留学生的委婉程度比英语专业学生高,但在请求父母的语言中,英语专业学生的委婉程度更高；在建议行为中,英语专业学生更委婉礼貌,留学生相对更直接；在批评和拒绝行为中两组委婉语使用情况大致相同。4)英语专业学生使用的英语委婉语存在语用迁移,包括语用语言迁移和社会语用迁移两类。本文通过研究大学英语专业学生英语委婉语的习得情况,旨在唤起对英语委婉语使用中存在的问题和二语习得过程中产生的语用迁移现象的重视,以期对英语教学和跨文化交流有所帮助。更多还原

【Abstract】 Euphemism is one of universal language phenomena which provides an important approach to improve the communicative effects and maintain harmonious interpersonal relationship. With the rapid promotion of human civilization and development of cross-cultural communication, euphemism is performing more indispensable functions and has become a spectacular landscape in communicative language. It is not difficult and troublesome for college English majors to proficiently use Chinese euphemisms. However, whether they could accurately and fluently employ English euphemisms needs researching. This thesis, from the perspective of pragmatics, presents a profound study and elaborate analysis of college English majors’ acquisition of English euphemisms, summarizes the problems reflected from the research and provides tentative solutions.The researcher takes77third-year English majors from Foreign Languages and Literature, Shandong University as the research subjects and38foreign students from English-speaking countries, as the control group. The research adopts qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, which includes using questionnaires and interviews. There are altogether five parts in the questionnaire. The first part investigates the frequency of using English euphemisms, reasons and categories of the words which they frequently prefer to employ euphemisms for. The second part and the third part, each of which contains ten questions, explore the comprehension and judgment of English euphemisms. There are ten types of commonly-used words chosen from the dictionary compiled by Liu Chunbao and the book written by Judith S. Neaman and Carole G. Silver. The design of fourth part and fifth part is developed in the frame of Discourse Completion Task (DCT) and has been made appropriate modifications in order to create more authentic scenes and meet the demands of this research. This research is conducted with Face-saving Theory of Penelope Brown and Stephen Levinson as the theoretical framework and divides the scenes where the faces of the hearers are threatened and euphemisms are consequently needed to be applied into four types:requesting, advising, criticizing, and refusing. The fourth part has ten multiple-choice questions and the fifth part consists of ten open questions. The researcher classified and made comparison with the answers from both the English majors and foreign students on the basis of the politeness redressive strategies of Brown and Levinson.The results of the survey have explicitly displayed:1) the English majors performed fairly well in the comprehension and recognition of English euphemisms;2) the frequency of English majors’employing euphemisms is much lower than that of the foreign students;3) in requesting behaviors, the euphemisms delivered by the foreign students are more euphemistic and polite, but the situation is absolutely the opposite with the communication with parents; in advising behaviors, the English majors are more courteous and tactful while the foreign students are comparatively more direct; in the speech acts of criticizing and refusing, both of them are developing similar politeness redressive strategies;4) there are pragmatic transfers existing in the English majors’application of English euphemisms which include pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic transfer.This thesis aims to arouse the attention of both teachers and students to the problems and pragmatic transfer manifested by the research and provides timely guidance for English teaching and cross-cultural communication.更多还原