【作者】 张云；

【导师】 刘心明；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 中国古典文献学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 张舜徽先生(1911一1992)是现代著名的文献学家和史学家。其治学走博通之路,不以专家自限,由小学入经学,再入史学。源于许、郑,汇通汉、宋,归宗清学。文史兼通,博大精深,不愧是当代少有的国学大师。《说文解字约注》是先生研习许学的结晶,也是他平生知识积累的全面反映。在先生所有的著作中,该书占有最重的分量。此书在校勘许书文本、探究文字本义、揭示许书义例、推衍双声之理等方面都取得了很大成就。笔者在阅读此书的过程中,发现先生在《约注》中自觉地运用着诸条或显或隐的大例。对这些大例进行总结,将会有助于对张舜徽先生的学术成就、《说文》学等方面的进一步研究。本文首先介绍了《约注》的成书过程,探寻了《约注》大例形成渊源及其所遵循的原则。《约注》的成书,大致经历了萌芽期(20岁之前)、暂停进取期(约25-50岁)和集中撰述期(50-60岁)三个时期。张舜徽先生的学术渊源可以远溯到汉代的郑玄、许慎,近推到以钱大听、王念孙为代表的乾嘉学者。这是本文在追述《约注》大例形成渊源时所要论述的重点。本文对《约注》所作的释例,凡有四端：一为双声推衍例。用双声推衍方法来贯穿全书,是《约注》的内涵之一,也是《约注》最具特色的一条大例。该理论的形成,主要从许、郑的导源之功、宋人右文之说的借鉴、以钱、王为代表的清儒的直接影响、先生本人的小学实践四个发面展开论证。其中,文中还专门论述了扬州学派对先生该理论的影响。张舜徽先生的双声推衍理论主要是：古今语言之变,由于双声者多,由于叠韵者少；“六书”中的转注就是指的双声相衍；古人声宽,五音同类通转最多,异类通转轨迹也很普遍。而具体到对于《约注》一书的考察时,论文摒弃通行的以韵部之间通转的方法进行研究,而只采用张舜徽先生认可的双声理论进行总结。二为文本校勘例。张舜徽先生校勘学思想的形成既有郑玄注经方法的影响,也有以朱子为代表的宋人的影响,更有王念孙等清代一批校勘学家的影响。《约注》一书校勘所采用的材料包括金文、甲文,敦煌唐写本残卷,类书、音书、古注,清人文集、笔记、今人考证的成果,历代载集、字书,唐宋以来如大、小徐、清代《说文》四大家及其他研究《说文》者的成果等几个方面。对这些材料的运用,既有批判,也有继承,体现了先生科学辩证的治学态度。论文以引段订段例作为对《约注》校勘成就的考察。从对段《注》的评价和对段《注》订正条例总结两个方面详细地论述了《约注》一书对段《注》的匡正。三为总结发凡例。注重对古书义例的总结,是张舜徽先生一贯的治学方法。先生在《约注》中,往往以画龙点睛的形式来对许书或文字规律进行分析总结,抽绎条例。这些条例涉及到许书说解字义惯例、文字音声之理、文字形体、文字起源、古书产生、许书传写致误之由等方面。我们把在《约注》中最常见的条例总结下来,以此来考见张舜徽先生对于发凡起例的重视。四为引证方俗例。张舜徽先生重视运用湖湘方言和古风旧俗、人生经历等人类学资料来研究文字。在《约注》一书中,处处可见先生用五方殊音、古今贯通的方法来研究《说文》。我们对该书这方面的成就给予总结,可借此探知先生恢弘的治学理路。总之,本文希望通过以上论列,能够对《约注》一书,进而对张舜徽先生本人的语言文字学成就有所发明和揭表。本人深信,当后人在试图领会古老的汉字所记载的传统文明时,《约注》作为一部沟通古今、融会贯通的巨著,必将产生长久而深远地影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 Mr.Zhang Shunhui(1911-1992)is a modern well-known Philologist and historian.His research interests are very broad and not self-limiting as an expert. His research methods begain in XiaoXue,and then enter the fields of classical studies and history. The source of his academic derived from Xu Zheng, combine academic style of Han and Song,attributed to Qing Dynasty academic.He intercommunicate literature and history,and his koowledge is profound.He is indeed the contemporary rare Great Masters. Concise Annotate of Shuo Wen Jie Zi(hereinafter referred to as Concise Annotate)is a crystallization of Xu Xue research and alse fully reflect the accumulation of knowledge of his whole life.In all the writings of Mr.Zhang, this book holds the highest weight.From the aspect of collate Shuo Wen text,explore the original meaning of words,reveal the meaning of cases and infer the discipline of dual-tone and so on, this book has made great achievements. When in the process of read this book,I discovered that Mr.zhang unconsciously uses some explicitly or implicitly main regulations to write Concise Annotate.If we summarize these regulations,it will contribute to the academic achievements of Mr.Zhang Shunhui and alse the study of Shuo Wen.The thesis first introduce the conformation process of Concise Annotate. And it also discuss the principles it follows when we talk about what makes these regulations result.It takes about three main period that write Concise Annotate.The first phase is infancy(before the age of20),the second phase is suspension(about25-50years old),the third phase is centralized compilation(between the age of50-60).Mr.Zhang Shunhui academic origins can be traced back to the Han Dynasty of Zheng Xuan and Xu Shen,nearly involved Qian Jia scholars that on the behalf of Qian Daxin and Wang Niansun.this is what we will focus on discuss when we trace the form origin of Concise Annotate regulations.Concise Annotate Interpretation Regulations one is Dual Sound Inference.Dual Sound Inference method throughout the book,this is one of the connotations of the book,and alse the most unique regulation of Concise Annotate.The formation of this theory is mainly come form derivation of Xu Zheng,reference form Song scholar the study of You Wen,the direct influence of confucinanism in Qing Dynasty on the behalf of Qian Wang and alse Mr.Zhang XiaoXue practice.Among them,the article special discuss the influence Of Yangzhou Xuepai towards Mr.Zhang this theory.The content of Dual Sound Inference theory includes three points:the change between ancient and modern language mianly because of dual sound,partly because of rhyming.transcription in the LiuShu is dual sound inference.The ancients of articulation is not strict.The amount of interchangeability between similar Iambic pentameters is the largest. And it is alse normal for the interchangeability between different Iambic pentameters.While specific to the inspection of Concise Annotate,the thesis abandons the methods of research through the interchangeability between the rhyme,but only uses dual sound inference method that Mr.Zhang recognized to make a summary.Concise Annotate Interpretation Regulations two is Text Collation.The formation of Mr.Zhang ShunHui collation thinking derived from the influence of the methods that ZhengXuan uses to comment classics;the influence of Song scholars on the behalf of ZhuZi;and alse the influence of Qing Dynasty textual criticism scholors,such as Wang Niansun. The materials that used to collate Concise Annotate include bronze inscriptions and oracles,Dunhuang Tang tattered volumes,reference books,audio books,ancient notes,Qing Dynasty collections and notes,today research results,chronicles contained sets,word books,the scholars of Tang and Song Dynasty,such as Xu Xuan and Xu Kai,research results,the four major research Shuo Wen schlors results,others and so on.The attitude towards the use of these materials includes the aspects of criticism and inheritance.This reflects Mr.Zhang scientific and dialectical learning attitude.The thesis takes the example of cite and correct Duan to inspect collation achievements of Concise Annotate.From the aspects of evaluation towards Duan Note and the aspect of ordinance summary towards correct Duan Note,it focused in detail discuss Concise Annotate correct Duan Note.Concise Annotate Interpretation Regulations three is Summarized Disciplines.Paying attention to the summary on the book disciplines study is Mr.Zhang Shunhui research methods.In Concise Annotate,Mr.Zhang is often analysing,summarizing,expounding ordinances form Xu book or text laws by the way of touch.These ordinances include practices the book explain the meaning of the words,reasons of text sound,text form,text origin,generation of ancient books,causes of the book mistakes in the way of communication and so on.We conclude the most common regulations in Concise Annotate,in order to see Mr.Zhang Shunhui pay attention to summarize disciplines.Concise Annotate Interpretation Regulations Four is Citing Dialect and Customs.Mr.Zhangshui emphasis on the use of the HuXiang dialect and archaic old customs and life experiences wordless book to study the text. In Concise Annotate,dialect and connections between ancient and modern can be seen everywhere Mr.Zhang uses to study Concise Annotate.Given a summary of achievements in this area of the book in order to get a glimpse of Mr.Zhang grand academic style.In short,through the above research,it will play a role to study Concise Annotate achievements and the academic achievements of Mr.Zhang Shunhui.When future generations trying to understand the recorded traditional civilization of ancient Chinese characters,Concise Annotate as a communication ancient and mordern,mastery great work,will surely have a long-term and far-reaching impact.更多还原