【作者】 刘萍；

【导师】 范勤；

【作者基本信息】 武汉科技大学 ， 机械电子工程， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 桥式起重机作为一种重要的物流装备，广泛应用于国民经济的各生产部门。随着人类有限资源的不断减少，我国起重机的设计逐渐向低净空、低轮压、低能耗的节能化方向发展。一种有效途径就是降低起重机的自重和整体高度。传统的设计方法采用经典公式计算许用轮压和桥架结构，往往导致设计结果偏于保守，一方面加大了车轮的尺寸，使整机重心升高；另一方面车轮和桥架的重量增大，从而增加了整机的自重。为了分析车轮及桥架的实际承载能力，本文使用非线性有限元法对轮轨关系以及轮轨接触作用下桥架的应力进行了全面的研究。本文以某电厂用的双梁桥式起重机为研究对象，主要做了以下工作：1）根据起重机轮轨和桥架的实际尺寸，建立了轮轨系统和桥架的有限元模型；2）对起重机轮轨系统分别进行有限元弹性和弹塑性分析，分别得到不同载荷作用下的各应力分布情况，并对两种模型的计算结果作对比分析；3）将小车轮压按两种不同方式简化为集中载荷分别施加给桥架，并分析桥架在这两种轮压作用方式下的应力分布情况；4）在小车车轮与轨道间建立接触对，得到小车轮压经接触方式传递给桥架时桥架的应力分布情况；5）对比分析轮压载荷按照以上三种不同方式加载时桥架结构的受力特点。更多还原

【Abstract】 Bridge crane is widely used in the production sector for the national economy as animportant logistics equipment. Now the crane design in our country is moving to a low clearance,low wheel pressure, low-power energy-saving direction because of the limited and graduallyreduced human resources. There are many ways to achieve these effects, one of the main ways isto reduce the weight and overall height of the crane. It often leads to conservative design resultsusing traditional design methods which used the classical formula to calculate the allowablewheel pressure and bridge structures, so the designer may usually increase the size of the wheels,the whole center of gravity. This article used the nonlinear finite element method to get acomprehensive study of the bridge under the action of the wheel-rail interaction, as well as thewheel-rail contact stress for analysising the actual carrying capacity of the wheel and the bridge.In this paper, the following tasks were did based on a power plant with double girderoverhead crane as the research object:(1) The wheel-rail system and the finite element model of the bridge were establishedaccording to the actual size of the crane wheel and rail and bridge;(2) The stress distribution under different loads was obtained and the results of thecalculation of the two models were analyzed through the finite element elastic and elastoplasticanalysis of crane wheel and rail systems;(3) The small wheel pressed for concentrated loads were applied to bridge by two differentways to simplify, and the stress distribution in bridge in the two rounds of pressure was analyzed;(4) The stress distribution of the bridge passed by the small wheel pressure was obtainedwhen the contact between the car wheel and track were established;(5) The characteristics of the wheel pressure loads were compared and analyzed inaccordance with the bridge structure of the above three different ways.更多还原