【作者】 廖伟；

【导师】 黄伟林；

【作者基本信息】 华南理工大学 ， 环境科学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 国内外水厂深度处理中对臭氧-生物活性炭工艺的应用已经非常广泛，针对在我国南方湿热地区应用时后置炭滤池存在的问题,开发出了新型中置活性炭滤池。本文针对中置生物活性炭新工艺，通过小试和中试试验,对炭滤池进行了升流式与降流式两种池型的水质处理效果和运行稳定性对比研究。最终选取符合中置生物活性炭工艺的运行方式，并进行了有关滤池填料厚度和滤速的进一步优化研究。研究结果表明：(1)采用单层填料炭滤池，整个滤池炭层均有截滤一定量的浊度，在12m/h滤速和0:1~0.5:1气水比条件下，升流式与降流式炭滤池分别和砂滤池的组合工艺对CODMn和UV254的总去除率分别为42.6%与40.1%和57.8%与58.7%，去除能力基本处于同一水平；水头损失波动均比较大，反冲洗周期也短，仅为24h，升流式炭滤池水头损失要小于降流式炭滤池。(2)采用复合滤料炭滤池，装填0.7m厚Φ3-5mm粒径的轻质陶粒垫层，升流式与降流式水头损失增速分别为1.67cm/d和2.31cm/d，炭层单位高度水头损失则分别为5.7cm/m和7.4cm/m，而两者陶粒层水头损失分别为12.2cm和12.3cm。表明相比于降流式炭滤池，采用陶粒垫层更有利于维持升流式炭滤池水头稳定性；升流式炭滤池陶粒能够很好地发挥其纳污功能，为活性炭层创造比较低浊度的吸附环境，有助于提高机物的去除能力。(3)升流式与降流式炭滤池出水都出现浮游生物和底栖动物，出水均以浮游生物居多，但升流式炭滤池出水微型生物总体上比降流式要少。(4)炭层厚度优化结果知，12m/h滤速下采用3m厚Φ3mm粒径炭层与2m厚Φ2mm粒径炭层，两者的水头损失分别为35.5cm和54.3cm，对浊度、CODMn的平均去除率分别为66.4%、27.1%和55.9%、27.7%，水质处理效果相当，但从水头损失和运行稳定性方面考虑，使用3m厚Φ3mm炭层要优于使用2m厚Φ2mm粒径炭层。(5)对升流式复合滤料炭滤池分别采用0.7厚Φ3~5mm与1.2m厚Φ6~8mm轻质陶粒垫层，在12m/h滤速下平均水头损失分别为35.5cm和29.5cm，平均每个反冲洗周期水头损失分别增长11.5cm和8.7cm，陶粒层截滤的浊度分别占50.3%和59.7%，CODMn去除率分别为40.6%和47.1%，说明较厚陶粒层显著有利于控制水头损失和改善水质处理效果；采用1.2m厚较大粒径陶粒垫层，滤速可高达16m/h，此时水头损失为34.0~49.0cm，与砂滤池串联运行最终对CODMn的平均去除率为41.7%，相比于滤速为12m/h时，CODMn去除率下降了5.4%，但水力负荷提高了33.3%。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ozone-BAC process has been widely used in water works as advanced treatmenttechnology both at home and abroad, a new process called mid-positioning biologicalaeration carbon filter was developed in term of the existing problems of postpositionalBAC filter which was used in the hot and humid southern China. Pilot test wasimplemented on different scale to this new mid-positioning BAC process. Comparativestudy was conducted in different operation modes of the carbon filter, with up-flowand down-flow modes, to analyze the treatment efficiency and operation stability. Thena deeper research about filter thickness optimizing and filter rate optimizing was made.The results showed that:(1)When using the single packing filter, turbidity was distributed throughout thewhole carbon layer. Under a filter rate of12m/h and an aeration gas-water ratio as0:1~0.5:1,the mean removal efficiency of42.6%and57.8%were obtained for CODMnand UV254respectively by the up-flow BAC process，while the mean removalefficiency of40.1%and58.7%were obtained for CODMnand UV254respectively bythe down-flow BAC process. The removal efficiency were at the same level and thehead loss fluctuated largely that it lead to a short backwash cycle of only24hours forboth operation modes, while the up-flow filter still has a lower head loss than thedown-flow filter has.(2)When using the composite packing filter, the cushion layer thickness of0.7mwas filled with diameter3-5lightweight ceramic, the average growth rate of head losswere1.67cm/d and2.31cm/d respectively by up-flow and down-flow filter, with theunit height head loss of5.7cm/m and7.4cm/m respectively,while the head loss oflightweight ceramic layer were12.2cm and12.3cm respectively. It showed thatceramic layer was in favour of maintaining the up-flow filter’s stability of head loss.Ceramic layer played an important role in filtering the turbidity, and created a lowturbidity condition for adsorption in carbon layer, and it would help to improve theremoval efficiency of organics. (3)Plankton and benthos emerged in both filter effluent, and plankton was in themajority. In general, the amount of microorganism in up-flow carbon filter was leastthan that in down-flow carbon filter.(4)Adopting the filter filled the thickness of3m cylindrical carbon whosediameter was3mm and another filter filled the thickness of2m cylindrical carbonwhose diameter was2mm, the comparative results showed that the average head losswere35.5cm and54.3cm respectively, and the mean removal efficiency of66.4%and27.1%for turbidity and CODMnrespectively by the former, while the mean removalefficiency of55.9%and27.7%for turbidity and CODMnrespectively by the latter.Water quality treatment effect were at the same level, while the former filter gainedless head loss and had a better operational stability.(5)The cushion layer thickness of0.7m was filled with diameter3-5mm andanother thickness of1.2m with diameter6-8lightweight ceramic. The average headloss were35.5cm and29.5cm respectively, and they increased11.5cm and8.7cmrespectively for each average backwash cycle. The whole removal of CODMnwere40.6%and47.1%respectively, while the ceramic layer filtrated50.3%and59.7%ofthe turbidity respectively. It showed that thicken the ceramic layer would prominentlycontribute to head loss controlling and water quality removal efficiency. When using athickness of1.2meter ceramic layer, the filter rate could reach to16m/h, and the headloss was34.0~49.0cm and the CODMnremoval efficiency was41.7%. Copmared withthe12m/h filter rate, the CODMnremoval efficiency decreased by5.4%,while thehydraulic load increased by33.3%.更多还原