【作者】 张婧；

【导师】 何淼； 彭俊华；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 园林植物与观赏园艺， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 芒属植物(Miscanthus spp.)是C4多年生草本能源植物,因其高生物量特性被认为是九大最具潜力的能源作物之一。中国芒(Miscanthus sinensis)是芒草属广泛分布于中国的种,表型变异丰富,对环境适应性强。为了更好的利用国内的中国芒资源,本研究通过调查中国22个省份和地区的327份中国芒两年的抽穗期、株高、分蘖数以及生物量等数据,利用统计软件SPSS13.0分析表型性状的变异、中国芒的表型性状间的关系、表型性状和地理位置之间的关系以及最终影响中国芒产量的关键因子。研究结果表明：分蘖数、叶重、杆重和生物量等性状变化差异较大,具有比较大的遗传改良潜力,是以后培育优质新品种重点改良的方向,并且表型性状南北差异大；在生长的第二年株高、分蘖数和生物量均呈现显著的提高,但抽穗期等开花性状变化不显著；抽穗期、分蘖数和株高等表型性状均与生物量紧密相关,地理因素中纬度和海拔与生物量紧密相关；线性回归结果表明纬度、株高和分蘖数与生物量呈线性关系。此外,本实验选择了10对eSSR和10对gSSR检测对中国芒可转移的大麦引物对421份中国芒材料进行多态性检测,共探测到95个位点,多态位点百分率达到100%,gSSR标记比eSSR标记反映出更多的遗传多样性。利用软件POPGENE32扶得的多态性参数均表明中国芒种内具有丰富的遗传变异,从分子水平解释了中国芒适应性强的原因。根据UPGMA聚类法构建的聚类结果显示了中国芒显著的地理亚群变异,反映出地理差异和自然选择可能是中国芒遗传变异和进化的驱动力。20对大麦引物共得到26个与抽穗期、株高、叶重、杆重、叶杆比和生物量相关联的位点,其中与抽穗期关联的标记位点有11个,与株高关联的标记位点有4个,与叶重关联的标记位点有10个,与杆重关联的标记位点有7个,与叶杆比关联的标记位点有3个,与生物量关联的标记位点有10个。本研究利用中国芒的自然群体分析影响产量的关键因素,并利用大麦的可转移标记进行中国芒的遗传学研究,包括自然群体的遗传多样性评价和图谱构建,反映出大麦对于中国芒遗传研究的参考价值,进一步也证明利用近缘种进行遗传学研究相对于新的分子标记的开发是一种相对经济有效的方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 Miscanthus, a C4perennial energy grass, is considered to be one of top nine most potential energy crops. MisGanthus is treated as a potential energy crop for its high biomass. Miscanthus sinensis which is widely distributed in china belongs to Miscanthus and have abundant phenotypic variation and strong adaptability to the environment. To make better use of domestic Miscanthus sinensis resources, survey of327Miscanthus sinensis clones collected through22provinces and regions across China was performed. Investigations of heading date, height, stem number and also the dry biomass per plant were conducted to determine the effect of the morphological traits on yield. Analysis was carried out by the software SPSS13.0. The result indicates that tillers, leaf weight, stem weight and biomass have large variation and genetic improved potential. There are great differences of traits between south and north. The result achieved by this paper showed that the growth of the second year was much better than the first year, particularly the biomass. The result of regression analysis showed that latitude, height and stem number were the key issues of biomass production which had linear relationship with biomass. Also, heading date and elevation were considered to be highly correlated to yield structure.10eSSR and10gSSR transferable primers of barley were selected to detect the genetic diversity of Miscanthus sinensis.95alleles were detected and the percentage of polymorphism alleles achieved100%. The barley primers were all effective in Miscanthus SSR genotyping. The genetic diversity of Miscanthus is proved to be high which explains the strong adaptability of Miscanthus sinensis on molecular level. The phylogenetic mapping is in line with geographical region partition which indicates that natural selection is the motive power of genetic variation and evolution.26locuses associated with heading date, height, leaf weight, stem weight, the ratio of leaf and stem weight, biomass were obtained by20barley primers.11locuses were associated with heading date.4locuses were associated with height.10locuses were associated with leaf weight.7locuses were associated with stem weight.3locuses were associated with the ratio of leaf and stem weight.10locuses were associated with biomass.This research explore the key factor of biomass and genetic diversity by natural population of Miscanthus sinensis which reflected the reference value of barley.更多还原