【作者】 王飞；

【导师】 赵莉；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 伯纳德·马拉默德(1914-1986)是当代美国最重要的作家之一,是继辛格、索尔·贝娄之后的又一著名犹太小说家。对于《店员》很多人采用弗洛伊德的精神分析理论对这部作品进行分析,其更注重个人内部的心理结构发展。众所周知,外部环境对人格的发展也非常重要,客体关系学派的温尼科特重视外部环境与人格发展的关系。本文试图从这一新视角----客体关系理论来探讨《店员》中弗兰克的转变历程。全文共分为五部分。第一部分为绪论,简要介绍作者马拉默德及其作品《店员》,并对《店员》的国内外研究现状作了综述,在吸收并借鉴他们研究成果的基础上,本文从客体关系学理论的视角进一步加深对小说的理解。第二部分是本文的理论基础,简要阐述了客体关系学派的观点,详尽阐述了具有代表性的理论家唐纳德·伍兹·温尼科特的具有创造性的精神分析理论。第三部分和第四部分是本文重点阐述的部分。文章先通过分析主人公弗兰克·阿尔派因的早期家庭生活,指出了弗兰克恶劣行径的根源就在于父母亲的去世使他失去了足够好的照顾者,而在孤儿院生活以及在残暴的养父母家生活又剥夺了他的促进性环境,使他的人格发展出现了障碍,再通过分析弗兰克在纽约的流浪生活中与陌生人沃德和他的所谓“朋友”的接触,指出了他在纽约的流浪生活实质上是他一直在寻求一个足够好的照顾者使其自体能够更好地发展以便摆脱他的矛盾心理中邪恶的一面。最终,弗兰克通过在莫里斯杂货店中当店员,得到了莫里斯一家人足够好的照顾而得到了救赎。第五部分是结论。通过利用唐纳德·伍兹·温尼科特的精神分析理论对《店员》中的弗兰克进行的全新解读,深刻地了解到弗兰克人格的发展依赖于莫里斯及其家人为他提供的促进性环境,使他的自体得到充分的发展,并从非犹太人转变成了犹太人。更多还原

【Abstract】 Bernard Malamud is one of the most important writers in the contemporary America and another famous Jewish writer after Singer and Saul Bellow. He is generally acknowledged as the spokesman of humanism. The Assistant is the second novel of Malamud. Some people adopt the theory of Freud----the former research of psychoanalysis to this work which focuses more on the individual’s development of inner psychological structure but does not emphasize the influence from the outside surroundings. As we all know, the outside surroundings also play an important role in shaping person’s personality. The impact of outside surroundings to the development of person’s personality is the essential point for the object-relation school, especially for D. W. Winnicott who belongs to this school. The thesis attempts to analyze moral growth of Frank in The Assistant from the new perspective of object-relation theory.The thesis consists of five parts. The first part is the introduction, including the brief description of the writer Bernard Malamud and his work The Assistant, the literary review on the study of the novel both at home and abroad. On the basis of assimilating their achievement, the thesis will go further to deepen the understanding of the novel from the angle of Object-Relation Theory.The second part is the theoretic basis of the thesis. It introduces the views of the Object-Relation Schools briefly and interprets the creative psychoanalysis of the object-relation theory of D. W. Winnicott.The third and the forth part are the most important parts in the thesis. The thesis firstly discusses the early family life of the protagonist---Frank Alpine and finds out that the root of Frank’s bad behaviors is caused by the death of his parents, his life in the orphanage and in the brutal foster-parents’family. That makes him lose the good-enough caregivers and the facilitating environment that is crucial for his development, thus there appears hindrance for his development of true self. Then, through the analysis of the contact with the stranger---Ward and his so-called "friends", the author reveals that Frank’s wandering life in New York is his search for finding the good-enough caregiver who can help his development of the true self in order to get rid of his vicious side in his contradicted mind. In the end, Frank, as the assistant in the grocery store of Morris, finds his good-enough caregivers---Morris and his family and is saved by their spirits. Therefore, the nature of the novel is the process of Frank’s search for his cure when he finds his evil behaviors and ultimately he learns to adjust himself, digs out the good side of his inner heart and becomes a good member of the Jews under the influence of Morris’.The fifth part is the conclusion. We have a broaden understanding towards the maturation of Frank in The Assistant by employing the psychoanalytic theory of Winnicott. The development of Frank’s personality relies on a facilitating environment provided by Morris and his other family members which helps the self of Frank develop fully, he can develop into a Jew from a Non-Jew.更多还原