【作者】 杨肃；

【导师】 蔡体久；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 生态学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 通过研究大兴安岭采金迹地不同自然恢复植被群落根际土壤Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn无素的各形态含量特征、各形态空间变异情况、形态间转化规律以及各形态与土壤化学指标间的关系,探讨各微量元素化学形态的供给状况,为采金迹地植被恢复与生态重建提供参考依据。本文根据BCR顺序提取程序,以大兴安岭漠河县胭脂沟典型采金迹地4种自然恢复植被群落类型根际土壤为研究对象,研究不同植被群落类型对土壤Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn元素4种化学形态的影响,研究结果表明：(1)各植被群落类型土壤Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn弱酸可提取态的变异系数分别在6.8%～15.84%、17.76%～60.28%、62.14%～89.15%、13.99%～61.68%之间,土壤弱酸可提取态占总量比例分别在31.04%～43.39%、0.03%～0.12%、2.85%～5.2%、1.68%～2.33%之间；土壤可还原态的变异系数分别在5.58%～19.07%、33.46%～44.3%、36.49%～62.96%、44.81%～46.2%之间,土壤可还原态占总量比例分别在27.28%～36.8%、8.02%～11.47%、8.94%～13.18%、8.78%～10.56%之间；土壤可氧化态的变异系数分别在7.01%～26.38%、28.99%～53.18%、1.23%～19.27%、28.09%～35.91%之间,土壤可氧化态占总量比例分别在7.1%～9.07%、8.55%～9.62%、12.94%～15.61%、18.44%～20.75%之间；土壤残渣态的变异系数分别在14.91%～18.17%、5.35%～12.97%、10.31%～24.79%、5.43%～16.65%之间,土壤残渣态占总量比例分别在22.2%～23.97%、78.84%～82.58%、67.8%～73.1%、67.39%～70.17%之间。了解土壤微量元素形态含量对有效发掘利用采金迹地土壤具有重要的理论和现实意义。(2)不同植被群落类型土壤Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn各形态间普遍存在相关性,兴安落叶松群落和樟子松群落土壤EX-Mn与OXI-Mn呈显著正相关,大穗薹草-玉蝉花群落和兴安柳-白桦群落土壤RED-Mn与OXI-Mn呈显著正相关,各植被类型土壤RED-Fe与OXI-Fe、RED-Cu与RES-Cu、EX-Zn与RED-Zn呈显著正相关,EX-Cu含与RED-Cu呈显著负相关。(3)不同植被群落类型土壤Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn各形态与土壤化学指标存在相关性,土壤pH值与RED-Mn均呈正相关,与EX-Mn、RED-Cu均呈负相关；土壤有机质与OXI-Mn、OXI-Cu、OXI-Zn均呈正相关,与OXI-Fe呈负相关；土壤CEC与EX-Fe均呈正相关,与EX-Mn、EX-Zn均呈负相关(除兴安柳-白桦群落)；土壤全P与OXI-Mn、RED-Cu和OXI-Cu、RED-Zn和OXI-Zn呈负相关：土壤有效P与RES-Mn、 RED-Fe、OXI-Fe、RED-Zn、RES-Zn呈正相关：土壤全N与RED-Zn均呈负相关,大穗薹草-玉蝉花群落全N与EX-Mn和EX-Zn呈负相关；土壤速效K与EX-Cu和EX-Zn均呈正相关。各植被群落土壤全Cu与全N和全P均呈负相关,Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn全量与有效P和速效K呈正相关。(4)采金迹地不同植被群落类型土壤Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn的弱酸可提取态是其在土壤中的有效给源,而Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn的其它3个化学形态作为土壤中潜在给源对弱酸可提取态的含量有一定影响。各植被群落土壤不同微量金属元素活化供给能力排序是,Mn、Cu、Zn:大穗蔓草-玉蝉花群落>樟子松群落>兴安落叶松群落>兴安柳-白桦群落；Fe：大穗薹草-玉蝉花群落>兴安落叶松群落>樟子松群落>兴安柳-白桦群落。综合供给因素和环境因素,将樟子松群落和落叶松群落合理配置用于恢复远离河道过采区域、将大穗薹草-玉蝉花群落与兴安柳-白桦群落合理搭配用于恢复河道内过采区域,可充分利用土壤微量元素,可起到较好的固持土壤和植被群落生长效果更多还原

【Abstract】 Through the study of content characteristics, space variation and conversion law of various speciation, as well as relationship between different speciation and soil chemistry indicators of Mn. Fe, Cu and Zn in rhizosphere soil of different natural recovering vegetation communities in gold-tracesmining wasteland of Da Hinggan mountain, supply situation of the various chemical forms of trace elements was explored, so that to provide reference to vegetation recovery and ecological reconstruction of the gold-tracesmining wasteland. According to BCR sequential extraction procedure, Four kinds of rhizosphere soil of typical recovery vegetation community of gold-tracesmining wasteland natural in rouge groove of Mohe County, Da Hinggan mountain were taken to be study objects, impact of four kinds of different vegetation community types on the soil chemical speciation of Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn were studied. The findings suggested that:(1) Coefficient variation of mind acid-extractable fraction Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn in different soil of vegetation community types were between6.8%,～15.84%,17.76%～60.28%,62.14%～89.15%and13.99%～61.68%. The proportion of extractable speciation were around31.04%～43.39%,0.03%～0.12%,2.85%～5.2%,1.68%～2.33%; coefficient variation of reducible fraction were around5.58%～19.07%,33.46%～44.3%,36.49%～62.96%44.81%-46.2%. The proportion of reducible fraction were27.28%～36.8%,8.02%～11.47%,8.94%～13.18%.8.78%～10.56%of the total; Coefficient variation of oxidisable fraction were around7.01%～26.38%,28.99%～53.18%,1.23%～19.27%,28.09%～35.91%; The proportion of oxidisable fraction in the total were7.1%～9.07%,8.55%～9.62%,12.94%-15.61%,18.44%～20.75%; Coefficient variation of residual fraction were about14.91%～18.17%,5.35%～12.97%,10.31%～24.79%,5.43%～16.65%. residual fraction accounted for the total proportion of22.2%～23.97%,78.84%～82.58%,67.8%～73.1%,67.39%～70.17%. Understanding the content of soil trace elements has important theoretical and practical significance on effectively exploring and making use of gold-tracesmining wasteland.(2) Soil Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn were correlated between various speciations in different vegetation community types. EX-Mn and OXI-Mn were significantly positive correlated in soil of Larix gmelinii and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica. RED-Mn and OXI-Mn were in a significant positive correlation in Cariceae rhynchophysa-Iris ensata and Salix hsinganica-Betula platyphylla. In all vegetation types, Red-Fe and OXI-Fe, RED-Cu and RES-Cu, EX-Zn and RED-Zn were significantly positive correlated, while EX-Cu and RED-Cu showed a significant negative correlation.(3) Various speciations of Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn had correlation with soil chemical indicators in soil of different vegetation community types. Soil pH was positively correlated with RED-Mn, and negatively correlated with EX-Mn and RED-Cu; soil organic matter were positively related to OXI-Mn, OXI-Cu, OXI-Zn and negatively correlated with OXI-Fe; soil CEC was positively correlated with EX-Fe and negatively correlated with EX-Mn and EX-Zn (except for Salix hsinganica-Betula platyphylla communities); soil total P was negatively correlated with OXI-Mn, RED-Cu, OXI-Cu, RED-Zn and OXI-Zn; soil available P was positively correlated with RES-Mn, RED-Fe, OXI-Fe, RED-Zn and RES-Zn; soil total N was negatively related to RED-Zn. total N was negatively correlated with EX-Mn and EX-Zn in Cariceae rhynchophysa-Iris ensata; soil available K was positively correlated with EX-Cu and EX-Zn. soil total Cu and total N were negatively related to total P in all vegetation communities. Total content of Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn were positively correlated with total P, available P and available K.(4) Mind acid-extractable fraction of Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn in soils of different vegetation community types in gold-tracesmining wasteland was the effective source to its soil, while3other chemical speciation of Mn, Fe, of Cu and Zn were the potential source and had an potential effect on mind acid-extractable fraction. Activate supply capacity of different soil trace metals in all vegetation communities was in line with:Mn, Cu, Zn:Cariceae rhynchophysa-lris ensata>Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica>Larix gmelinii>Salix hsinganica-Betula platyphylla;Fe:Cariceae rhynchophysa-Iris ensata>Larix gmelinii>Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica>Salix hsinganica-Betula platyphylla. By integrating supply and environment factors, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica and Larix gmelinii were recommended for the recovery of over mining area away from river; Cariceae rhynchophysa-Iris ensata and Salix hsinganica-Betula platyphylla were recommended to the restoration of over mining area in the river; for they could fully take advantage of soil trace elements and had a better effect on soil retention and vegetation growth.更多还原