基于RS&GIS的宁强县滑坡危险性评价

【作者】 王超；

【导师】 刘咏梅；

【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 地图学与地理信息系统， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 滑坡是当今世界上危害最严重的的自然灾害之一,每年都会导致巨大的经济损失和人员伤亡。鉴于滑坡灾害的严峻性及其带来的巨大损失,如何有效监测滑坡分布、动向及活动情况,调查滑坡灾害损失程度,进行滑坡灾害预测和评估,为滑坡灾害的预防治理等提供科学的依据,是目前滑坡研究的重要任务,也是受灾地区防灾减灾的迫切所需。本文以宁强县为研究区,通过对地质岩性、地形、地表覆盖、水文气象等宁强县滑坡灾害分布的主要影响因子分析,结合宁强县实际调查情况和滑坡灾害危险性评价指标选取原则,选取岩性、断裂带、坡度、坡向、高程、植被、河流、道路、降雨等九个指标,建立了滑坡灾害危险性评价指标体系。采用2008年5.12地震后的SPOT5融合影像、地形数据、地质调查图数据、水文气象数据及其他相关专题数据,使用30m*30m的栅格单元,基于RS技术和GIS技术的叠置分析法、缓冲区分析法、层次分析法等空间分析功能,研究了滑坡评价指标的空间化方法,提取并制作了滑坡指标系列专题图并进行空间数据入库。在此基础上选用模糊数学人工神经网络模型,在Matlab工具中编程实现了宁强县滑坡灾害危险性评价,得到宁滑坡灾害危险性评价等级图；通过对宁强县滑坡危害特征分析,提出滑坡灾害预防的对策。主要取得以下研究成果：(1)分析滑坡灾害发育的主要空间影响因子,建立了宁强县滑坡危险性评价指标体系。(2)基于RS&GIS技术实现了滑坡危险性影响因子指标的空间化提取和空间数据建库。(3)运用模糊数学人工神经网络模型对宁强县滑坡灾害进行危险性评价,得到滑坡灾害危险性评价图。(4)结合滑坡灾害危险性评价,根据宁强县灾害预防预警的实际工作开展情况,提出了宁强县滑坡灾害预防措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 Landslides, one of the most harmful natural disasters in the world, always cause vast economic losses and causalities. Considering that, it becomes not only the important mission of landslide study at present, but also the necessity of disaster affected areas to know how we can monitor the trend, distribution and activities of landslides effectively, investigate the degree of damage, conduct the forecast and estimation, and provide scientific evidences for predicting and dealing with landslide disaster.This essay regards NingQiang County as the study area, the system of landslide disaster evaluation index has been built through the way of analyzing the key impacting factors of landslide disaster distribution such as geology, litho logy, geography, the earth’s surface and hydro meteorology and so on and combining the reality of NingQiang and the selection principle of landslide disaster evaluation index such as litho logy, fracture zone, gradient, altitude, vegetation, river, road and rainfall. The essay also researches the space approach of landslide evaluation index, extracts a series of thematic maps of landslide index and conduct the date input, in the way of adopting the fusion image of SPOT after the earthquake in May12,2008, terrain data, geology survey figure data and hydro meteorology data and other related data, using30m*30m grid cell, and being based on fold, buffer, AHP, and state space analysis of RS&GIS. On the basis of these, by using FNN and programming in Matlab, the landslide hazard assessment of Ning Qiang has come true. Through the analysis of the features of landslide disaster in Niang Qiang, the precautionary measures have been put forward. The chief research achievements are listed below:(1) Analyzing the chief space impacting factors of the development of landslide disaster and building the system of landslide hazard assessment of Ning Qiang;(2) Having realized the index extraction of landslide hazard’s impacting factors and space database building;(3) Conducting the landslide hazard assessment and gaining the evaluation map of it by using FNN;(4) Putting forward the precautionary measures by combining landslide hazard assessment and the practical work of disaster prevention and warning in Ning Qiang.更多还原