【作者】 王惠；

【导师】 王永军；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 动物营养与饲料科学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究立足我国绒山羊舍饲养殖的迫切需要，以陕北白绒山羊为研究对象，采用饲养试验、消化代谢试验和屠宰试验相结合的研究方法，通过3个独立的试验，分别对空怀期、妊娠前期和妊娠后期陕北白绒山羊能量需要量进行了初步研究，以期为建立和完善陕北白绒山羊饲养标准提供基础参数。试验1.空怀期陕北白绒山羊能量需要量研究试验选择1.5岁陕北白绒山羊母羊24只，随机分为4组，各组试验羊分别饲喂粗蛋白质水平为74.0g/d、消化能水平分别为7.6、8.3、8.9和9.6MJ/d的试验饲粮，进行为期40d的饲养试验（其中预试期10d）；同时在饲养试验结束后，每组选择3只羊按照全收粪、尿法进行为期7d的消化代谢试验。结果表明：（1）4个试验组母羊对饲粮中总能的消化率和代谢率分别为62.45%~69.66%和51.78%~58.77%，且随着饲粮能量摄入量的逐步升高，母羊对饲粮中总能的消化率和代谢率均呈升高趋势，以第Ⅳ组最高，显著高于其它三组（P<0.05），第Ⅲ组次之，显著高于第Ⅰ组和第Ⅱ组（P<0.05）；（2）在饲粮蛋白质摄入量相同且可满足正常生长需要条件下，4个试验组母羊平均日增重随GE、DE和ME摄入量增加而显著增加（P<0.05）；（3）空怀期陕北白绒山羊母羊消化能和代谢能营养需要量分别为DE（MJ/d）=0.5070W0.75+0.0263ADG（P=0.003，R~2=0.9995）和ME（MJ/d）=0.4130W0.75+0.0245ADG（P=0.005，R~2=0.9992）；正常生产条件下，其饲粮中消化能和代谢能水平以9.17~10.14MJ/kg和7.70~8.60MJ/kg（风干物基础）较为适宜。试验2.妊娠前期陕北白绒山羊能量需要量研究试验选择已怀孕陕北白绒山羊母羊20只作为试验用羊，随机分为4组，各组试验羊分别饲喂粗蛋白质水平为74.0g/d、消化能水平分别为7.6、8.3、8.9和9.6MJ/d的试验饲粮，进行为期90d的饲养试验；饲养试验结束时每组随机选择1只母羊进行屠宰试验。结果表明：（1）在饲粮蛋白质摄入量相同且可满足正常生长需要条件下，4个试验组母羊平均日增重随GE、DE和ME摄入量增加而显著增加（P<0.05）；（2）空怀期和妊娠前期陕北白绒山羊对能量需要量基本一致，妊娠前期母羊完全可按照空怀期饲养标准进行饲喂。试验3.妊娠后期陕北白绒山羊能量需要量研究选择已怀孕90d陕北白绒山羊母羊20只作为试验用羊，随机分为4组，各组试验羊分别饲喂粗蛋白质水平为145.0g/d、消化能水平分别为12.5、14.0、15.6和17.1MJ/d的试验饲粮，进行为期58d的饲养试验（其中预试期10d）；在饲养试验的中期，每组选择3只羊按照全收粪、尿法进行为期14d的消化代谢试验；饲养试验结束时每组随机选择2只母羊进行屠宰试验。结果表明：（1）随着饲粮能量摄入量的逐步升高，母羊对饲粮中总能的消化率和代谢率均呈升高趋势，但4个试验组间不存在显著差异（P>0.05），妊娠母羊对4种饲粮中总能的平均消化率和代谢率分别为60.06%±2.92和50.09%±3.27；（2）在饲粮蛋白质摄入量相同且可满足正常生长需要条件下，妊娠后期母羊平均日增重随GE、DE和ME摄入量增加而显著增加（P<0.05）；（3）妊娠后期陕北白绒山羊母羊消化能和代谢能营养需要量分别为DE（MJ/d）=0.5070W0.75+0.0329ADG（P=0.001，R~2=0.9938）和ME（MJ/d）=0.4130W0.75+0.0286ADG（P=0.002，R~2=0.9965），或者DE（MJ/d）=0.5070W0.75+0.0263ADG1+0.0396ADG2（P=0.018，R~2=0.9482）和ME（MJ/d）=0.4130W0.75+0.0245ADG1+0.0327ADG2（P=0.010，R~2=0.9694)）；（4）本试验条件下,妊娠后期母羊能量需要量以在空怀期维持需要基础上额外增加5.62MJ/d消化能或4.89MJ/d代谢能较为适宜；正常生产条件下，妊娠后期母羊饲粮中消化能和代谢能水平以10.68~11.06MJ/kg和8.93~9.21MJ/kg（风干物基础）较为适宜。更多还原

【Abstract】 The confinedness of cashmere goats has been becoming urgent at present.Shanbei whitecashmere goats were chosen as experimental animals in this study.Feeding test, digestivemetabolism test and slaughter test were conducted to determine the proper energyrequirements of Shanbei white cashmere goats during non-pregnancy, early pregnancy, andlate pregnancy respectively, in order to supply basic research data for the establishment andimprovement of feeding standards of Shanbei white cashmere goat.Experiment1. The research on energy requirements of shanbei white cashmere goats innon-pregnancyTwenty-four ewes at1.5year-old were randomly divided into four groups, which werefed concentrates with an equal crude protein level of74.0g/d and four digestible energylevels of7.6、8.3、8.9and9.6MJ/d, respectively, and the experiment lasted for40d,(including10d for adaptation). Three ewes in each group were selected for a seven-daydigestive metabolism test (all the feces and urine collected) at the end of the experiment. Theresults showed as follows:(1)The digestibility and metabolic rate of gross energy for nonpregnant ewes in fourgroups were62.45%~69.66%and51.78%~58.77%and increased with the increasing energyintake,group Ⅳ was highersignificantly than other three groups(P<0.05), group Ⅲwas highersignificantly than group Ⅰa ndⅡ(P<0.05).(2)Average daily gain of nonpregnant ewes increased significantly with the increasingGE、DE and ME intake in the condition of the same protein intake which met the normalgrowth needs(P<0.05).(3)The requirement of shanbei white cashmere goats for DE and ME of nonpregnantewes can be estimated by the fomula as follows:DE（MJ/d）=0.5070W0.75+0.0263ADG（P=0.003，R~2=0.9995）and ME（MJ/d）=0.4130W0.75+0.0245ADG（P=0.005，R~2=0.9992）,and in normal production conditions, the appropriate levels of DE and ME were9.17~10.14MJ/kg and7.70~8.60MJ/kg(air dry basis) respectively.Experiment2. The research on energy requirements of shanbei white cashmere goats inearly pregnancyTwenty pregnant ewes were randomly divided into four groups, which were fed concentrates with an equal crude protein level of74.0g/d and four digestible energy levels of7.6,8.3,8.9and9.6MJ/d, respectively, and the experiment lasted for90d. One ewe selected randomly from eachgroup were slaughtered at the end of the experiment. The results showed as follows:(1) Average daily gain of early pregnant ewes increased significantly with the increasingGE、DE and ME intake in the condition of the same protein intake which met the normalgrowth needs(P<0.05).(2)Energy requirements of Shanbei white cashmere goat during early pregnancy ismainly consistent with that of non-pregnancy. During early pregnancy ewes can becompletely in accordance with feeding standard of the non-pregnancy.Experiment3. The research on energy requirements of shanbei white cashmere goats inlate pregnancyTwenty ewes pregnant for90d were randomly divided into four groups, which were fedconcentrates with an equal crude protein level of145.0g/d and four digestible energy levels of12.5、14.0、15.6and17.1MJ/d, respectively, and the experiment lasted for58d(including10d foradaptation). Three ewes in each group were selected for a seven-day digestive metabolism test(allthe feces and urine collected) in the middle of the experiment. Two ewes selected from each groupwere slaughtered at the end of the experiment.The results showed as follows:(1) The digestibility and metabolic rate of gross energy for ewes in four groups increasedwith the increasing energy intake but differences among the experiment groups were notsignificant(P>0.05) and the average digestibility and metabolic rate of gross energy for latepregnant ewes were60.06%±2.92and50.09%±3.27respectively.(2) Average daily gain of early pregnant ewes increased significantly with the increasingGE、DE and ME intake in the condition of the same protein intake which met the normalgrowth needs (P<0.05).(3)The requirement of shanbei white cashmere goats for DE and ME of early pregnantewes can be estimated by the fomula as follows: DE（MJ/d）=0.5070W0.75+0.0329ADG（P=0.001，R~2=0.9938）和ME（MJ/d）=0.4130W0.75+0.0286ADG（P=0.002，R~2=0.9965），or DE（MJ/d）=0.5070W0.75+0.0263ADG1+0.0396ADG2（P=0.018，R~2=0.9482）and ME（MJ/d）=0.4130W0.75+0.0245ADG1+0.0327ADG2（P=0.010，R~2=0.9694).(4)In this experiment condition, the appropriate quantity of energy in diet for late pregnantewes were adding extra5.62MJ/d DE or4.89MJ/d ME on the basis of energy maintainrequirement for nonpregnant ewes, and in normal production conditions, the appropriate levels ofDE and ME were10.68~11.06MJ/kg and8.93~9.21MJ/kg(air dry basis) respectively.更多还原