【作者】 陈琦；

【导师】 王东；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 史学理论及史学史， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 何兹全(1911-2011)是我国现当代著名的教育家、史学家,山东菏泽人。早年毕业于北京大学史学系,曾师从傅斯年、胡适、陶希圣和钱穆等学术大师。毕生致力于中国古代史的研究,在魏晋南北朝史、中国古代社会史、中国文化制度史等多个领域,创获极丰,成就斐然,在社会史研究领域成绩尤巨。他开拓了佛教寺院经济史研究的新领域,也是魏晋南北朝兵制史研究的开创者之一。在长期探研中国古代社会经济,比较研究中外古代和中世纪史的基础上,系统地提出“中国古代奴隶制社会进入封建社会的时间是汉魏之际”的论说,成为史学界“汉魏封建说”的代表人物。1989年出版的《中国古代社会》一书,是其长期艰苦探索的总结性成果。何兹全的社会史研究有四个鲜明特点：一,认为社会史研究应该从大处着眼,主要研究人类社会形态、结构及其发展规律；二,关注社会经济变化及其对民众生存状态的影响；三,以辩证唯物史观作为其社会史研究的指导思想；四,其研究方法是理论与材料并重、宏观与微观并重。从1934年发表《中古时代之中国佛教寺院》算起,何兹全在中国史学领域耕耘近八十载,亲历了20世纪中国古代史研究、特别是古代社会史研究的发展过程,并在多个研究领域独辟蹊径,树立典范,以其独到的理论视野和宏博精深的研究成果成为公认的一代史学大师。全面地考察何兹全的社会史研究,为我们考察上个世纪的中国社会史学发展轨迹研究提供了极佳的视角。本文在梳理现有相关研究成果的基础上,通过对何兹全的史学著作和相关资料的深入研读,全面探讨和论述他在中国古代社会史、汉唐佛教寺院经济史、汉唐兵制史等多方面所取得的成就和贡献。全文除绪论外,共分为四个部分：第一部分简述何兹全的生平,梳理他与陶希圣、傅斯年等人的师承关系,并分析这层师承关系对其学术人生的影响,进而揭示其从事中国古代社会研究的学术缘起,以及在此过程中所形成的独特的学术品质。第二部分以何氏著名论断“汉魏封建说”为重点线索,以汉唐佛教寺院经济史、汉唐兵制史为两翼,并特别以何氏代表作《中国古代社会》为例,梳理其在中古社会史等研究领域的实践过程,并分析这些论断和著述的重要学术地位和史学价值。第三部分重点分析何氏的治史理论及其方法建构。第四部分为结语,在总结全文的基础上,力图就何氏在中国古代社会史等研究领域的学术成就及其影响,作出客观的评价。更多还原

【Abstract】 He Ziquan, acontemporary well-known educator and historian,was born in Heze, Shandong province. He graduated from the History Department of Peking University, and he had studied from the great masters, such as Fu Sinian,Hu shi,Tao Xisheng,Qian mu and so on. He devotes his life to the study of ancient Chinese history,and achieves striking success in many fields of the history of Wei,Jin and the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Chinese ancient social history, Chinese culture and institutional history, especially in the aspects of the social history. He opens up a new area of economic research in Buddhist temples, but also one of the pioneers of the history of military system of Wei Jin and the Southern and Northern Dynasties. In the long-term research of ancient Chinese social and economic, comparative study on the basis of Chinese and foreign ancient and medieval history, he advocates that the time of the Chinese ancient slave society into a feudal society is on the occasion of the Han and Wei,and become the representative figure of the historians for his’Han-Wei feudalism’.His Chinese Ancient Society published in1989can be regarded as the summary results of his long-term research.As a famous Chinese historian, his research has an obvious characteristic that is that he always places priority on the most important issues in his research areas. He Ziquan insists that contents of the study should be the social form, structure and pattern of development; that attention should be paid to the variance of social economy and the influence on people’s life; that dialectical materialism must be the guidance idea for studying Chinese social history;and that we must pay equal attention to theory and material, macro and micro.Since his first research paper,’Buddhist temples in the Chinese Middle Ages’, was publicated in1934. He Ziquan has a nearly80years research career. He experiencesthe20th century historical studies, especially the Social History of the development process.He sets an example in many aspects,and with his unique theory of vision and deep research into the profile generation historian for the recognized Masters. Comprehensive study of He Ziquan’viewpoint on Chinese social history, just as we look at a century of Chinese Social historical research provides an excellent perspective.On the basis of Combing existing research,this article fully explores and discusses his achievements and contribution in ancient Chinese social history, the Han-Tang Buddhist temple economy, and the military system history in many ways by the research for He Ziquan’s historical writings and related information. But also focuses on He Ziquan and the medieval social history to provide useful inspiration and reference for contemporary scholars. In addition to the introduction, the article was divided into four main parts:In the first part,summarizes his life, combes his succession relations between Tao Xisheng and Fu Sinian, and analyzes their impacts on his academic life,thus revealing He Ziquan in the Historiography origin of ancient Chinese society and his unique academic quality in this process. The second part focuseson his famous thesis,’Han-Wei feudalism’. The Han-Tang Buddhist temple economy and the military system history is the two wings of his study and especially take his Ancient Society of China for example, combing it in the medieval social historical researchand other areas of practice, and to analyzethe academic status and the historical value of these statements and writings. The third part focuses on his theory and methods of construction. The last part is the conclusion, which concludes this article and tries to make an objective evaluation in He Ziquan’s academic achievements in the field of social history.更多还原