【作者】 张敏；

【导师】 陶忠；

【作者基本信息】 昆明理工大学 ， 防灾减灾工程及防护工程， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 2009年起,全国开展中小学校舍安全工程。对于7度及7度以上地震高烈度地区、山体滑坡及泥石流易发地区、洪涝灾害等地质灾害易发地区的各级各类城乡中小学存在安全隐患的校舍进行抗震鉴定、加固、迁移避险,并提高综合抗震、防灾能力,使学校校舍达到重点设防类别的设防标准。消除灾害隐患,保证在校师生的生命安全,并符合其他防灾避险的安全要求。全国中小学校舍通过排查、鉴定后,评定为C级(加固后使用),D级(待拆除的房屋)的房屋较多。就云南省而言,其中不安全校舍面积高达3442.6万平方米,占校舍总面积的64.23%,评定为D级危房的校舍有640万平方米。云南省全省校舍的大都处于地震重点监视防御区和7度及以上地震高烈度地区,有1770所面临地质灾害威胁的中小学需要治理和迁移重建。本文以一农村小学教学楼为例,确定该小学的建筑平面,其平面形式为一字型内廊式教学楼。建筑平面的各项指标均能满足《中小学校建筑设计规范》GB50099-2011和《农村普通中小学校建设标准》的条文规定,且该建筑的各项建筑指标未与规范中的强制性指标产生冲突,因此该建筑平面能作为农村小学教学楼的建筑图。对该一字型教学楼进行钢框架-剪力墙进行结构设计,以剪力墙作为主要的抗侧力构件,并且集中布置在楼梯间,框架结构主要承受竖向荷载,这样可减小柱截面尺寸,从而减小整个结构的用钢量。从计算结果来看,框架-剪力墙结构抗侧性能较好,其结构层间位移角较小；结构构件的应力比也控制在了一个较合理的范围内；通过统计钢框架-剪力墙体系的用钢量,发现在7-9度各个设计基本地震加速度下的用钢量普遍较低。在9度0.4g时,其他设计条件相同的情况下,对框架-剪力墙结构和纯框架结构的用钢量进行了比较,两种结构体系的用钢量相差19.22kg/m2。说明该烈度下钢框架-剪力墙结构能够有效降低造价。本结构梁柱截面尺寸类型较少,对于钢结构构件在采购、加工、制造安装等方面可节省较多成本,为整个项目的建设节省更多的资金,是一种较好的结构体系。更多还原

【Abstract】 From2009,in the whole country it starts the safety engineering of school buildings.For the region of high seisnic intensity of7and above degree.landslides and debris flow and flood prone areas of geological diseasters.There are security risks of the school buildings at all levels of urban and rural primary and secondary.Its needs seismic evaluation.consolidation,migriation hegde and improveing comprehensive seismic capacity.And it can make the school buildings catch the key performance objectives.Avoiding the risk.it ensures the safety of teachers and students.and meets the safe requirement of other code.According to inverstigate and identify the school buildings,a lot of schoolhouses are assessed the C level(using after reinforcement),D level (breakdown).In terms of YunNan.it is about3.4462million square meter unsafe school buildings,occupied64.23percent of total.D level has6.4million square meter.The school buildings are mostly located in earthquake focus surveillance and protection zone.and the region of7and above degree of high intensily areas.Nearly1770schools are faced with geological diseasters.they all need to dealing with or migrating to reconstruction.The paper sets a rural teaching building for example,the architectural plan-",inner corrodor teaching building.The indices of architectural plan fulfill the code for design of school(GB20099-2011) and constrction standard of common school of rural.It is no conflict of all indices to code and construction standard.The structure teaching building of "-" uses steel frame shearwall and the shearwall disposes centralized around the stair well.The shearwall uses as the primary lateral force resisting component.The frame supports the vertical loads.It can reduce the size of column and reduce the steel tonnage.By analysis the result of caculation,frame shearwall system has better performance of lateral force resisting,and has less drift.The stress ratios are controlled in a reasonable range.According to statistic steel tonnage of steel frame shearwall system found that the steel tonnage is in a low level at the design basic acceleration of ground motion of7-9degree.In9degree0.4gal,and the same of other design conditions.it is compared the steel tonnge of frame shearwall and pure steel frame system.The steel tonnage of the two systems are difference about19.22kg per sqare meter.It is shown that frame shearwall system can efficient reduce steel tonage in this intensity.The structure is a good system.It can save much cost in the aspect of purchase processing,manufacturing and istallation while the structure use less section of beams and columns.更多还原