唐宋变革下的“骫骳从俗”

【作者】 张博；

【导师】 卢永璘；

【作者基本信息】 北京大学 ， 文艺学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 庶族地主集团地位的上升引起社会阶层结构的重大变化,从而使中唐——北宋时期的皇朝统治力量呈现出庶族掌权的新面貌,这是唐宋变革的一个重要政治现象。庶族地主集团将自身的俗化气质自然地带进上层统治阶层,从而使中唐——北宋的社会风貌感染上一股明显的世俗风气,而北宋朝公开提倡宴享之乐、对士人的优厚待遇等国策更使得北宋社会有着鲜明的世俗化倾向。以花间词为代表的文人雅词的最终定型,虽然是文人集团对其时民间词所作的有意识的雅化之举,但却因为文人自身过度雅化的失衡行为导致文人词失去了词体文学最初的鲜活生机和真挚的情感取向,而走向了过分雕饰的僵化道路。北宋朝的柳永以承续民间词平直袒露的抒情方式、俚俗浅切的语言风格以及对男欢女爱的大胆写真而独立于北宋词坛。因此,柳永正是以“骫骸从俗”的个性风格自觉地走上“破雅”的创作路径,从而为北宋词的最终繁荣奠定了前期的词体解放的基础。更重要的是,在普遍趋俗的北宋社会风貌下,柳永的俗词创作也恰恰迎合了其时世风由雅转俗之趋势,柳词“俗”的历史文化价值也正在此。官宦世家出身的柳永,在仕途上的屡次挫败后,其天性中的浪漫因素、多情而又重情的个人气质以及在此浪漫性格下对个体生活的享乐行为随即成为代替求取功名路径的新的生活方向。也正因为柳永的享乐行为超出了封建士人默认的合理尺度,而带有某种极端性的放荡性质,因而被时人目之为“从俗”。但正是这种“从俗”的人格质量才完整地展现出柳永作为封建士人人格精神史上新的坐标性的独特意义和文化价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 The rise of status of Common Landlord Group causes the significant change of the structure of social class which makes a new face that is common landlord is in charge the imperial power in Northern Song dynasty, which is an essential political phenomenon in the period of Tang-Song Reform. Naturally, the common landlord group transports their own vulgar temperament into the upper ruling class so as to make the social nature of Northern Song infected with an obvious atmosphere of philistinism. Besides, openly advocating to enjoying feast and the national policy of generous treatment, in the meanwhile, also make the Northern Song dynasty a distinctive vulgar tendency.Although the final style of literati Ci which is represented by Huajian Ci can be seen as a conscious refinement by literati when they revise the folk literature, actually, it gets the imbalance due to the excessive refinement and loses the original vigor as well as sincere emotion and finally moves towards a road of overmuch refinement. LiuYong, a Ci writer in Northern Song dynasty, is evidently different from other writers which because he inherits the straight mode of folk literature, simple and clear rhetorical style and courageous representation of frolicking in the bedroom. It is thus we can say that LiuYong faces a creative path consciously which is an independently personal style breaking elegance with common rhetoric, even, he lays the early basis for the ultimate prosperity of Ci in the later creation of Northern Song. More importantly, under the popular trend in the social nature of Northern Song dynasty, the creation of LiuYong’s popular writing also precisely meets the tendency from elegance to popularity, which is just the historical and cultural value of that time.After LiuYong, who comes from official family, fails repeatedly in political career, he turns to another new life direction under the effect of his natural romantic character, sentimental temperament and pleasure-seeking behaviour, which replaces pursuing politics before. To more extent, people, especially literati at that time, regard LiuYong as a representative of popularity just because his behaviour is beyond the reasonable standard which could be tolerated extremely by feudal literati. This personality of being popular, however, totally shows a new indicated unique significance and cultural value in the personal spiritual history of feudal literati.更多还原