【作者】 李雯；

【导师】 陈忠林；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 法律， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 少年智则国智，少年富则国富，少年强则国强……未成年人的教育在每一个国家和民族都被放在极其重要的地位。近年来，在社会的发展以及文化的多元发展与碰撞等因素的影响下，未成年人犯罪数量剧增，刑法学术界也越来越关注未成年人刑事责任制度。纵观世界各国，未成年人犯罪的原因都相去无几。例如，自身的法制意识淡薄与朋友教唆、家庭的冷漠与父母的不关心、学校的重分轻德、社会的纷繁酝酿的多种价值观。如何从法律制度层面对未成年人进行惩戒与保护；如何用法律手段对未成年人进行特殊教育；对这一问题，学术理念层出不穷，司法实践形式也籍以不断创新。世界各国划分未成年人刑事责任能力的标准不经相同，立法与司法制度也有不同。许多西方发达国家基于对未成年人犯罪现状的认知和未成年人再社会化的需要，纷纷加快了本国未成年人立法的相关工作；抓紧制定未成年人刑事责任领域的少年法、少年法院法等。通过不断完善立法，目前各发达国家已经建立起一套比较完备的未成年人法律体系，未成年人法发展得越来越细，越来越完备。有效遏制和预防未成年人犯罪人的首要问题就是研究未成年人刑事责任。我国未成年人立法经过数十年的努力，已经有所提升。本文拟从刑法角度来诠释未成年人刑事责任的内涵，通过分析未成年人犯罪的现状及存在的问题，对比主要发达国家在未成年人立法及构建未成年人法律体系方面的先进经验，主要是美国、德国、日本等国家；分析比较国内外的未成年人立法基础和司法法律体系的建构模式，再结合我国国内的未成年人立法实践，拟通过对未成年人刑事责任制度的相关理论进行梳理及对我国未成年人刑事责任制度的实现形式进行评析，发现进步，指出不足，并对如何完善该责任制度提出建议，以期为我国未成年人立法系统化研究和中国特色未成年人法律体系的建设尽绵薄之力。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chinese modern legal history founder Mr. Liang Qichao used freely language willyoung and national relations made incisive treatise:" today it is the responsibility of, notothers, but all in my youth. youth Influenced the countries, adolescent smart andcountry wise; adolescent rich and country rich; adolescent strong and countryprosperous and strong......" Thus, the juvenile and the country’s future development.Therefore, any country and people have attached great importance to the education ofminors. With the development of society and multi-culture collision and other factors, inrecent years, the cases of juvenile delinquency quantity sharp rise, and this is closelyrelated to the juvenile criminal responsibility system has become the focus in theacademic circles of criminal law. Throughout the world, the causes of the criminalminor can be somewhat on a par with. For example, their legal consciousness withfriends, family or apathy and parents do not care, schools, social redistribution of lightGermany complex brewing multiple values. From the aspect of the legal system forminors to discipline and protection; how to use legal means to minors were specialeducation; to this one problem, academic ideas emerge in an endless stream, the judicialpractice also form to innovate.Vertical world according to the national conditions of minor age and the capacityof criminal responsibility division has each different, have different legislation and thejudicial system. Many western developed countries based on the minor crime situationcognition and Juvenile Socialization needs, have accelerated their minor legislativework; pay close attention to the development of juvenile criminal liability in the field ofjuvenile law, juvenile court law. Through perfecting legislation, the developed countrieshave established a relatively complete legal system for juvenile, juvenile law developsmore and more detailed, more and more complete. Study of minor criminalresponsibility for the effective containment and prevention of juvenile crime hasimportant significance in theory and practice. Our country minor legislation afterdecades of efforts, has improved.This paper from the angle of criminal law criminal responsibility of juvenile legalsystem ’s connotation, through the analysis of the current situation of juvenile crime andthe existing problems, the main developed countries in contrast to minor legislation andconstructing legal system for juvenile of advanced experience, mainly the United States, Germany, Japan and other countries; Analysis and comparison of domestic and foreignminors basis of legislation and judicial legal system construction model, combined withChina’s minor legislative practice, tries to juvenile criminal responsibility relatedtheories and on China’s juvenile criminal responsibility system implementation formthat criminal treatment system were discussed, it is pointed out that the defects andshortcomings, and improve China’s juvenile criminal responsibility system to putforward to think and suggest, do a little contribution with period for our country minorlegislative system research and the Chinese characteristic legal system for juvenileconstruction.更多还原