【作者】 张平；

【导师】 杨长福；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 科学技术哲学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 近代英国经验主义哲学是自十七世纪初兴起，经过一百多年的历史演进，到十八世纪末发展完善的资产阶级哲学。在此期间，资本主义的不断发展促进了英国资产阶级革命自序幕开始，经发展至革命高潮到最后顺利完成，为英国经验主义哲学的产生和发展奠定了良好的历史环境基础；经验主义倾向在古希腊哲学发展中逐步酝酿和经验主义因素在中世纪经院哲学中的深入发展以及近代经验主义在“文艺复兴”时期的孕育为英国经验主义哲学的产生做出了充足的理论准备。近代英国经验主义哲学的代表人物从F·培根开始，经由霍布斯和洛克，到达贝克莱，最终在休谟那里走完自己的发展之路。这是一条充满神奇转折的道路：F·培根所开创的经验论的唯物主义道路经过霍布斯的发展，到洛克那里走向成熟。由于洛克将经验主义彻底化，于是在他以后，贝克莱将经验完全引入人的内在感觉之中，从而使得经验论的唯物主义变成了唯心主义，而且是主观唯心主义。最后，在休谟那里，同样是经验，它既可以导致唯物主义，也可以引发唯心主义，于是，人们由经验而得的知识，其真实性、可靠性就不得不让人质疑了。因此，虽然休谟继续推进着经验论原则的发展，但却使经验主义哲学有了浓厚的怀疑主义色彩和不可知论倾向。本文将以经验为线索，去讨论近代英国经验主义哲学的逻辑发展实质，以便总结思维过程的经验教训，提高我们的思维和认识能力。本文主要内容分为四个部分：第一章：引言，主要包括问题提出的背景、国内外研究现状和研究背景。第二章：主要对英国经验主义哲学的基本思想进行梳理，分析了英国近代经验主义哲学产生的历史背景和思想来源，着重说明经验观念的历史发展过程，同时简要阐述了英国近代经验主义的基本思想。第三章：深入详尽地对F·培根、霍布斯、洛克、贝克莱和休谟五位经验主义哲学家的哲学思想进行分析，重点以经验为线索，分析了他们思想的内在逻辑发展过程，如何从唯物主义经验论演变到唯心主义和不可知论的。第四章：对全文进行总结，归纳结论。更多还原

【Abstract】 Modern British Empirical Philosophy is one kind of bourgeois philosophy whichraised in the early17thcentury and developed and perfected to the end of18thcenturyafter over one hundred year’s revolution. In this period, the development of capitalismpromotes the bourgeois revolution from its starting, the development, climax to the finalsuccess and laid a good historical environment foundation for the emergence anddevelopment of the modern British Empirical Philosophy. Empiricism trends to brewgradually in the development of the ancient Greek philosophy.The deep developmentof the empirical factors in the middle ages in the scholastic philosophy and theemergence of the modern empiricism in the "Renaissance" made a full theoreticalpreparation for the emergence of the British Empirical Philosophy.The representative figures of Modern British Empirical Philosophy from FrancisBacon, via Hobbes and Locke to Berkeley, finally, Hume finished its development way.This is a way full of magical turning points. The empirical materialism started by baconhad been developed by Hobbes and went to mature at Locke. Because Locke made theempiricism hard-core, in his after, Berkeley brought in experience to man’s innerfeelings so that empirical materialism became idealism especially subjective idealism.Finally, for Hume, it is also experience. it can lead to materialism, also can triggeridealism, so the veracity and reliability of the knowledge that people have gotten fromexperience are questioned. Therefore, Hume continued to promote the development ofthe empiricism, but it made empirical philosophy covered with a strong skepticism colorand agnosticism tendency. This paper will discuss the logical development essence ofthe Modern British empirical philosophy on the clue of experience and summarize theexperience of the thinking process to improve our thinking and understanding ability.This paper is divided into four parts:Chapter1: The introduction mainly including the background of the problems, thepresent research situation at home and abroad and the research backgroundChapter2: Combing the basic thought of British empirical philosophy, analyzing thehistorical background of the emergence of the Modern British empirical philosophy,focusing on the development process of the concept of experience, explaining thethought of Modern British empirical philosophy.Chapter3：Analyzing Francis Bacon, Hobbes, Locke, Berkeley and Hume the five empirical philosophers’ thoughts deeply and detailed, especially analyzing the internallogical development of their thoughts and how it evolved from Materialism empiricismto the idealism of agnosticism.Chapter4：of the full text summarized, inductive conclusion.更多还原